2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版).docx

1、上海市各区 2019 届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编终结版：摘要写作One【2019 届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimis

2、m, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people cant help but to think optimisti

3、cally. This study was conducted by Ed OBrien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make t

4、hem happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, ther

5、e was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.OBrien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “Werneot as

6、usedto thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” OBriens study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generall

7、y tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve peoples optimism,” Boehm explained. However, its difficult to determine what comes first:

8、 the optimism or the good health.Keys:Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. OBriens study indicates its humannature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive future18plans were more likely to achieve happiness, yet those having/with negativ

9、e ones didnt expect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good healthTwo【2019 届上海市黄浦区高三英语二模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.D

10、esertificationDesertification is one of the worlds most alarming processes of environmental degradation（退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that its a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degra

11、dation: the loss of the lands biological productivity, caused by man -made factors andclimate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger

12、 and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It

13、is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attenti

14、on on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world on a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our ris

15、k. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the worlds oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also ce

16、lebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the worlds deserts.Keys:Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beaut