2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版).docx

2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版).docx

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上海市各区2019届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编终结版：

摘要写作

One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】

IV.SummaryWriting

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Whatcomesfirst:

theoptimismorthegoodhealth?

Optimism,definedasthegeneralexpectationthatthefuturewillbefavorable,couldprovidewaystoimprovehealth,someresearchersbelieve.Butscientistsremainunsureifoptimismgoesaheadofhealthimprovements,orviceversa.

Arecentstudysuggeststhatmostpeoplecan’thelpbuttothinkoptimistically.ThisstudywasconductedbyEdO’Brien,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Thefindingssuggestthatpeoplehaveanaturaltendencytothinkpositivelyabouttheirfuture.

Participantswereaskedtocreatealistofimaginarypersonalexperiencesthatwouldmakethemhappyorunhappyoverthecourseofthenextyear.Theythenrankedhowdifficultitwastoplanthatlistandhowhappytheybelievedtheywouldbeinthefutureoverall.Theeasieritwasforpeopletothinkofpositivefutureexperiences,thehappiertheyimaginedtheywouldbe.However,therewasnorelationshipbetweeneasilydevelopingnegativefutureexperiencesandexpectingtobeunhappyasaresult.

O’Brienconcludedthatpeopleseemtodiscountthepossibilitythatfuturenegativeeventswillmakethemhappyoverall,suggestingthatoptimismmightcomemorenaturally.“We’rneotasused

tothinkingaboutthefutureintermsofthingsthataregoingtogowrong.”O’Brien’sstudyisoneofmanytofindthatpeopleareconsistentlyoptimisticabouttheirfuture,predictingpleasantexperiencesanddiscountingunpleasantones.Ifoptimismmayleadtobetterhealthandpeoplegenerallytendtothinkoptimistically,whatdoesthismeanfortheconnectionbetweenmentalandphysicalhealth?

“Ifwecanmakesurethatoptimismcomesbeforehealthystates,wemightbeabletoinvolveandimprovepeople’soptimism,”Boehmexplained.However,it’sdifficulttodeterminewhatcomesfirst:

theoptimismorthegoodhealth.

Keys:

Despitetheclaimthatoptimismbenefitsfitness,scientistsareuncertain.O’Brien’sstudyindicatesit’shumannaturetoexpectapromisingfuture.Forinstance,thosewithpositivefuture

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plansweremorelikelytoachievehappiness,yetthosehaving/withnegativeonesdidn’texpectunhappiness.Aboveall,optimismmaynotnecessarilyprecedegoodhealth

Two【2019届上海市黄浦区高三英语二模试题】

IV.SummaryWriting

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Desertification

Desertificationisoneoftheworld’smostalarmingprocessesofenvironmentaldegradation

（退化）.Theissueisoftenunclear,however,byacommonmisperception:

thatit’sa“natural”problemofadvancingdesertsinfarawaydevelopingcountries.Infact,desertificationisaboutlanddegradation:

thelossoftheland’sbiologicalproductivity,causedbyman-madefactorsand

climatechange.

Eachyear,desertificationanddroughtcauseanestimated$42billioninlostagriculturalproduction.Therisksofdesertificationaresufficientandclear.Itcontributestofoodinsecurity,hungerandpoverty,andcangiverisetosocial,economicandpoliticaltensionsthatcancauseconflicts,furtherpovertyandlanddegradation.ThegreaturgencyofthischallengeledtheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblytostate2006tobetheInternationalYearofDesertsandDesertification（IYDD）.Itisastrongreminderoftheurgentneedtoaddressthefar-reachingimplicationsofthisproblem.UnitedNationsGeneralSecretaryrecentlysummarizesinthisway:

“IlookforwardtoworkingwithGovernments,civilsociety,theprivatesection,internationalorganizationsandotherstofocusattentiononthiscrucialissue,andtoreversethetrendofdesertificationandsettheworldonasafer,moresustainablepathofdevelopment.”

TheIYDDalsopresentsagoldenopportunitytogetthemessageacrossstronglyandeffectivelythatdesertificationisaglobalproblemwhichweignoreatourrisk.Itisimportanttorecognizethatdry-landsarehometosomeofthemostmagnificentecosystemsofthisworld.Theseuniquenaturalhabitatshavebeenhometosomeoftheworld’soldestcivilizations.Theystandlikeopen-airmuseums,bearingwitnesstobygoneeras.TheYearwillthereforealsocelebratethedelicatebeautyanduniqueinheritanceoftheworld’sdeserts.

Keys:

Desertificationmeanslanddegradationduetoman-madecausesandclimatechange.Itmaycauseproblemslikeconflicts,povertyandlanddegradation.So2006wasstatedtobeIYDDasareminderoftheseriousproblemandcallforjointeffortstodeveloptheworldsustainably.TheIYDDalsoremindsusoftherisk,thebeaut