完整word版大外5翻译技巧增词减词被动语态否定Word格式.docx

1、III. Teaching FocusStudents ability in dealing with the techniques especially in amplification omission , negation and attributive clausesIV. Teaching proceduresStep One: Review Extension of word meaning Conversion of parts of speechStep Two Amplification in translation翻译时为了尽可能使译文的意义、语气、语态等切合原文，常常要在

2、译文中加一些原文没有对应词的词，即加一些原文中无其形而有其义的词才能使译文更加准确、易懂。这时我们可以采用增词翻译的手段。英译汉中增词翻译主要体现在以下几个方面。A. 根据词义或修辞需要增词翻译中有时如果只按照字面进行翻译， 汉语将不通顺、不达意，或表达不符合汉语习惯，这时我们要采用增词译法。例如：My grandparents believed you were either honest or you werent. There was no in between.我的祖父母认为，你要么诚实， 要么不诚实， 没有中间道路可选。For months I have kept on my des

3、k a picture from a tabloid.几个月来， 我桌上一直放着一幅从小报上剪下的照片。If you want General Gehlen sent to a lunatic asylum then you had better have me certified as well.如果你要把盖伦将军关进疯人院， 最好让医生证明我也是疯子吧。（证明的主语不是you,句子的意思是指“医生”，这样不但符合原意，而且还减少了歧义。）This was the greatest Russian offensive of the war. Stalin was throwing in 18

4、0 divisions, a surprising large part of them armored, in Poland and East Prussia alone. There was no stopping them.这是大战以来俄国发动的最大攻势。仅波兰和东普鲁士两地，斯大林就投入了一百八十个师的兵力， 其中装甲部队所占比例大得惊人。他们锐不可当， 势如破竹。A professor of mine once said:教过我的一位教授曾说过：Science demands of men great effort and complete devotion.人们要掌握科学知识， 必

5、须作出巨大的努力并表现出无限的热忱。He said hed come to the discussion.他说他要来参加讨论。The sports meet is scheduled for April 16.运动会定于四月十六日举行。9The atmosphere moderates daytime temperature and retards nigh heat loss.大气层能缓和白天气温的上升和阻止夜间热量的损耗。10 Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，靠

6、给人洗衣服维持生活。11 The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。12. Compared with mine, your computer is really cheap and fine.与我的电脑相比，你的电脑真是物美价廉。B.根据语法需要增词英语和汉语在语法方面差异很大， 比如英语有数的变化、有时态、语态、语气变化、有情态的变化（我们常称为三态一气），而汉语这样的变化很少， 如时态，只用着、了、过就解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别， 把英语中的数和三态一

7、气等体现出来。1They are leading a happy life.他们现在过着幸福的生活。2He was the late presidents alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of the president to be in office.他过去是已故总统的化身， 而现在是即将就职的总统亲密而有影响的朋友。3It seems that s successful scientist is full of curiosity.成功的科学家似乎总是充满好奇心。 4I didnt know that computers

8、 had been used so widely. 我还不知道计算机却原来被这么广泛地应用。5Since the industrial revolution began the physical science has in general been in the forefront of the scientific movement.自从工业革命开始以来， 物理学总的说来一直处于科学运动的前列。（时态）6Then the whole course of my life might have been different.如果真是那样的话，我的生命路程也许是另一番景象。（虚拟语气） 7Had

9、 we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident. 要是我们及时知道那件事， 事故本来是可以防止的。8. After watching for years, he discovered important phenomena. 观察了数年之后他发现了许多重要现象。（数）Step Three: Repetition in translation重复也属于增词。翻译和写作一样。 本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；有时为了明确、强调或生动， 却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。A. 为了明确重复1. Let us revise

10、 our safety and sanitary regulations.让我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。2. They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。3. He became an oil baron-all by himself.他成为一个石油大王， - 一个白手起家的石油大王。4. This has been our position-but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场，而不是他们的立场。5The doctor will get more practice out o

11、f me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践， 会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。B.为了强调重复为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻印象，英译汉时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语时可以保持同样的词的重复。 1. He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。2. Gentlemen many cr

12、y peace, peace-but there is no peace.先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。3. Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。4. They would read and re-read the secret notes.他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。C.为了生动重复英语原文中即使没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，有时也可以采用各种重复手段。1运用两个四字词组成或四字对偶词组。汉语中有大量四字词组，这是汉语的一在特点。四字词组比较精炼，念起来顺口，有节奏感，如运用恰当，可使文字生动活泼，增强修辞效果。（1） Bu

13、t there had been too much publicity about my case.但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。（2） If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。（3） great contributions 丰功伟绩 gratitude 感恩戴德ingratitude 忘恩负义 prosperity 繁荣昌盛arrogance 骄傲自大 careless 粗心大意in chaos 乌烟瘴气 street

14、 gossip 街谈巷议rumor 流言蜚语2运用词的重叠词的重叠是汉语中常用的一种手段。英译汉时，可适当采用词的重叠，特别是四字重叠词组，使译文生动活泼，通顺达意。（1） I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，（直言无隐），不藏不掖。（2） His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。（3） With his tardiness, careless and appalling good temper, we had nothing to do with him.他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。Step Four: Exercises in ClassPut the follo