1、 a e i(y) o u(3)常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音eg: ee ea oi oy ie ei ay er eau etc.(4)常见的辅音字母(组合)的读音eg: th tch ch sh ph gh etc.(5)辅音连缀的读音和浊化eg: bl cl gl fl pl sl br cr sk sm sp st str spl spr scr pr qu etc.(6)成节音的读音eg:ble ple cle gle dle tle sin sin ften ven etc.(7)后缀变异eg:house houses saysays mouthmouths breathe
2、breath etc. (8)读音与语法的联系:a.名词复数受读音的影响eg: 清辅音字母结尾的名词加后缀后读【s】,元音字母和浊辅音字母结尾的名词加后缀后读【z】; 动词过去时和过去分词加ed读音,清辅音结尾单词后ed读【t】, 浊辅音和元音结尾的后读【d】。b.重读闭音节形容词和动词词形变化的特殊性:条件是重读闭音节结尾只有一个辅音字母hothotter bigbigger wetwetter etc.shopshoppingshopped stopstoppingstopped etc.c.元音音素开头的名词前不定冠词应为an而不是a,弱用冠词the应读作i2、重音(1)单词重读音节:重
3、音符号-音标里音节左上方的小竖线(2)单词在句子中的重读 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be 。例外情况:A. 实词不重读的特殊情况a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station. c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one. d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it
4、is! How beautiful she is!e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/eveningB.虚词重读的特殊情况a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I dont like you. He isnt a worker. b) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a let
5、ter. He is the person I talked with. c) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him. d)反身代词表示强调。He couldnt come himself.3、意群的读音A. 连读连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重。(连读符号:)(1)“辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。ImanEngl
6、ish boy.Itisanold book.Let me havea lookatit.I calledyou halfanhourago.Putiton, please.Notatall.Please pickitup. (2)“r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Whereare your brotherand sister?但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后
7、面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读) (3)“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读即“音的同化”。Thankyou.Nice to meetyou.Didyou get there lateagain?Wouldyou likea cupof tea?Couldyou help me, please?(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也
8、要自然而不间断地连读到一起。Iam Chinese.She cant carryit.Itll take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer. (5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)Thereisa good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读)Can you speakEnglish or French? (English与or之间
9、不可以连读) She opened the door and walkedin. (door与and之间不可以连读)B. 失去爆破: 英语里6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况(后面紧跟辅音因素)下,只须做出发音的准备(口型),但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up
10、 every morning?This is an ol(d) piture of a bi(g) car.I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. The ol(d) dotor has a ca(t), too.Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.4、 语调:最基本的是升调和降调(1)升调 常用来表示不肯定,语意未完,或表示礼貌,常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况:一般疑问句通常用升调。Is he making a kite?Are they cleaning the classroo
11、m?数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时,除最后那个并列成分用降调外,前面所有的并列成分都要用升调Lets count our new books. One, two, three, four, five. Oh, we have five new books.Wed like a bottle of coke, two bottles of apple juice, a hamburger and two cakes.选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分,or前的部分用升调,or后的部分用降调,记成“前升后降”。Is her answer right or wrong?Were they in the
12、 high jump or the long jump?反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况:若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握,想询问对方这一内容是否正确,则陈述句部分用降调,简略问句用升调;若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握,只是想要对方同意自己的观点,或是想从对方那里得到证实,则前后两部分都用降调。-Your uncle is tall, isnt he? -No, hes very short.You like apples, dont you?He went to London with his family, didnt he?- You wont go there tomorrow, wi
13、ll you? - Yes, I will.含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况:若主句在前,从句在后,主句结束时意思已比较完整,则通常用降调,整个句子读完时也应该用降调;但是,若从句在前,主句在后,则常常是“前升后降”。I was drawing a picture when my mother came back.When she got to the station, the train had already left.(2)降调 在英语句子中,降调的使用比升调更为广泛,它表示肯定、决断、坚决或终结,但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。降调的用法可归纳为以下七种:陈述句用降调:Lucy is cleaning her bedroom.Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.特殊疑问句也用降调:Whose is this coat?How long have you been at this school?表示命令的祈使句也常用降调:David, open the door.Dont throw it on the floor.问候用语常用降调,以示真诚:Good morning.How are you?感谢用语也常用降调,以表示
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