新课标高二英语暑假作业3Word下载.docx

1、第一节 （共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scienti

2、sts are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are

3、very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determi

4、ned by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our in

5、stincts（本能）Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped

6、 by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli （刺激） as the basis of their behavior.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US，for example,

7、 blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of

8、the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these tw

9、o extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.【小题1】This passage is mainly concerned with _. A. relation between personality and behavior B. relation between behavior and environment C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior D. different theories of the format

10、ion of human behavior【小题2】The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means _.A. creators B. advisors C. advocates D. judges【小题3】In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about _. A. the considerable influence of the two theories B. differences between the blacks and whites C. racial discriminati

11、on in the United States D. different responds to intelligence tests【小题4】Whats the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To call our attention to the changes of human behavior. B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science. C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior. D.

12、To present an argument in the field of social science. 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Procrastination （拖延） is a phenomenon we are familiar with. When we procrastinate, we waste our free time and put off important tasks we should do till its too late. 1 Here, I will sh

13、are some personal steps taken to overcome procrastination with great success. Break your work down into little parts. Part of the reason why we procrastinate is that we find the work too overwhelming （巨大的）for us. Break it down into little parts, and then focus on one part at a time. If you still pro

14、crastinate after doing so, break it down even further. 2Change your environment. Look at your work desk and your room. Do they make you want to work or do they make you sleepy? 3Create a detailed timeline with specific deadlines. Having just one deadline for your work is like an invitation to procra

15、stinate. Thats because we would get the impression that we have time and keep pushing everything back until its too late. 4 In this way, you know you have to finish each task by a certain date. 5 Im pretty sure if you spend just 10 minutes talking to people like Steve Jobs or Bill Gates, youll be more inspired to act than if you spend the 10 minutes doing nothing. The people we are with influence our behavior. A. Soon, your task will be so simple that you will be thinking you can do it now.B. Seek out someone who has already achieved the