自学英语语法从入门到精通60讲系列Word文件下载.docx

1、a/an,可视为one （个）的弱化形式，表述数量，或者泛指任何一个。a book an apple A fox cannot hide its tail.概念剖析:零冠词：当某一名词是复数、专有名词或没有固定形状（抽象名词、物质名词），前面不适合加a/an,应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。Books are my best friends. Luxun is a great Chinese writer. Honesty is the best policy. Water is precious. 定冠词：the,可视为that或those的弱 化形式；that/those有明确的指示功能

2、； the也同样如此。如果对于某个名词有明指 或暗示的情况，前面要加the。This is the book that I want. Open the door please. 用法解析：（1）定冠词vs不定冠词I need a book to read on my trip. I have finished the book that you lent me. Do you mind if I open the window?Do you mind if I open a window?（2）定冠词VS零冠词History is my favorite subject. The histo

3、ry of China is my favorite subject. China is a great country. This is not the China 50 years ago. （3）零冠词VS不定冠词Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. （beauty在此意为“美丽”，是抽象名词） She is a beauty. （beauty在此意为“美人”，是具体名词）Experience is the best teacher. an unusual experience I have finished the book you lent me

4、.Lesson2 五种简单句翻译：1. 帝国衰落了。2. 我昨天看了一部电影。3. 鲱鱼罐头很难吃。4. 老人家正给孩子们讲故事。5. 他把房子刷了成红色。1. The empire fell.2. I watched a movie yesterday.3. Sour herring tastes terrible.4. The old man is telling the kids a story.5. He painted the house red.Match the sentences that share the same structures.1. I saw a white-h

5、aired man.2. I replied.3. He gave me a smile.4. I breathed deeply.5. I looked at them in panic.6. I was embarrassed.7. His words made me a lot more relaxed!A. He was friendlyB. The exam made me quite nervous.C. I passed him a book.D. She agreed.E. He wrote a long letter.F. He talked loudly.G. She lo

6、oked after her sister patiently.语法解读：1.主语+谓语She arrived.主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物（动 作的发出者），通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词充当。Walking is a good form of exercise.（动名词-抽象概念）To teach the three kids is my job this afternoon.（不定式-具体动作）谓语：描述主语发出的动作，可以有不同的时态；“主谓结构”当中，谓语通常是不及物动词。（不带宾语，单独构成完整含义。） The empire fell.I apologize.A proble

7、m arises.2.主语+谓语+宾语She likes English.宾语：表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动 词之后，通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词充当。I watched a movie yesterday.（名词） They helped me.（代词）It began to rain.（不定式）I enjoy playing games.（动名词）3.主语+系动词+表语She is happy.表语：它位于系动词（比如be）之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。可以由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语充当。He is a teacher.（名词）He became angry.（形

8、容词）His job is to clean the window.（不定式）His job is cleaning the window.（动名词）He is at work.（介词短语）系动词：不是一个具体的动作，而是连接主体和其状态的特殊动词。You look beautiful.The music sounds good.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语She lent me a book.直接/间接宾语：如果一个谓语动词后面跟了两个宾语，该动词的直接对象是直接宾语；间接对象是间接宾语。My father bought a bicycle.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语We mus

9、t keep it a secret.宾语补足语：跟在宾语后面描述宾语用的， 表示其“性质和状态”；可以由不定式、名词、 形容词、分词、介词短语等来充当。He painted the house green.（形容词） He got things done.（过去分词）I saw a squirrel climbing up a tree.（现在分词）We asked her to sing a song.（不定式） They elected Trump president.（名词）I found Tom in the garden.（介词短语）难点精析：1） 及物动词和不及物动词People

10、 die.People fear death.I am studying.I am studying English.2） 区分实义动词和系动词的原则：先定位表语，再反推系动词，是否说明主语的性质、特征或状态。The leaves turn red.I turned a page.He died young.3） 表语和宾补的共性，表语也可以被称为主语补足语。I am happy.He makes me happy.课后作业：判断下面句子的类型和成分She is sleeping.She hates cheating.She seems anxious.She made me happy.Sh

11、e gave me a cake.Lesson 3 名词和名词词组导入-课前练习：1 .He dropped the_and broke it.A. cup of coffeeB. coffees cupC. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup名词作定语2.What do you want?一一I want_that is on the table.A. the piece of bread B. a piece of bread C. a bread D. some of bread定语从句确定前面这个词是特指的，some of us, some of the stude

12、nts1.名词的分类 普通名词 可数名词a.个体名词（表示个别人或事物的名称）例词：table lawyer cat sisterb.集体名词（表示一群人或许多东西的总称）people class army family 不可数名词：a.物质名词（表示物质或材料的总称） 例词：water sunshine snow hairb.抽象名词（表示动作、状态、品质、情 感等抽象名词）hope health love weather专有名词用来专门指代某人、物、地点、机构、组织，首字母一般要大写the Changjiang Riverthe Great WallMariaWHO （World Heal

13、th Organization）2.名词的数（单数和复数）一船情况构成方法：加-s读音：清辅音后/s/; 浊辅音和元音后读/z/map-maps, bag-bags, car-cars以s. ss. x. ch. sh等结尾加-es 读音：-es读/iz/busbuses，classclasses, boxboxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes以-f或-fe结尾多数将-f或-fe变v加-es 读音：-ves读/vz/leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, life-lives, knife-knives以元音字母+y结尾或以y结尾的专有名词直接加-s 读音：-s读/z/MaryMarys, monkeymonkeys， holiday-holidays以辅音字母+y结尾的非专有名词变y为i加-es 读音：-s读/z/baby-babies, story-stories以辅音字母+o结尾的名词一般加-es 读音：-es读/z/h