情报学理论与方法课件(理论部分)PPT推荐.ppt

1、是系统化了的理性认识。具有全面性、逻辑性和系统性的特识。具有全面性、逻辑性和系统性的特征。理论的产生和发展既有社会实践决征。理论的产生和发展既有社会实践决定，又有自身的相对独立性。理论必须定，又有自身的相对独立性。理论必须与实践相结合，离开实践的理论是空洞与实践相结合，离开实践的理论是空洞的理论。科学的理论是在社会实践基础的理论。科学的理论是在社会实践基础上产生并经过社会实践的检验和证明的上产生并经过社会实践的检验和证明的理论，是客观事物的本质、规律性的正理论，是客观事物的本质、规律性的正确反映。确反映。辞海辞海1999年版年版what is theory?Some basic definit

2、ions include:ltheory as a supposition or system of ideas explaining something,especially one based on general principles independent of the facts,phenomena,etc.,to be explained（e.g.,atomic theory,theory of gravitation,evolution）;.exposition of the principles of a science,etc.,（the theory of music）;（

3、Math.）collection of propositions to illustrate principles of a subject（probability theory,theory of equations）l Oxford English Dictionary la set of explanatory concepts（Silverman,1993,p.1）,la statement or group of statements about how some part of the world worksfrequently explaining relations among

4、 phenomena（Vogt,1993,p.232）,l an internally connected and logically consistent proposition about relationships among phenomena（Odi,1982,p.313）,la systematic explanation for the observed facts and laws that relate to a particular aspect of life（Babbie,1992,p.55）la unified,systematic explanation of a

5、diverse range of social phenomena“（Schwandt,1997,p.154）,lgeneralizations which seek to explain relationships among phenomena（Grover&Glazier,1986,p.228）.lin the broad sense of a description or explanation of the nature of things,not in the more restricted sense,used in some sciences,of denoting funda

6、mental laws formally stated and falsifiable.“（Buckland（1991,p.18）1.2 情报学研究中涉及到的理论情报学研究中涉及到的理论l情报学缺乏好的理论，这是个众所周知的事实。情报学缺乏好的理论，这是个众所周知的事实。Hj0rland,B.,&Albrechtsen,A.（1995）.lInformation science are to delineate their disciplinary boundaries and build a central body of knowledge,then they require their

7、own theoretical bases for framing research problems,building arguments,and interpreting empirical results.l情报学领域无疑需要建立一个统一的概念逻辑关系基础或“概念导航系统”（conceptual navigation ystem）。THEORIES ATTRIBUTED TO IS AUTHORSPettigrew,Karen E.&Pettigrew,Karen E.&McKechnieMcKechnie,Lynne,Lynne，20012001lAgostis two-level r

8、etrieval modellAlbrechtsens domain analysis theorylBatess berry pickinglBatess hit-side-of-the bam principlelBelkin,Oddy&Brooks Anomalous States of KnowledgelBriets documentlBrooks equation for information sciencelChatmans insider-outsider effect theorylEfthimiadis&Robertsons interactive feedback th

9、eorylEgghes information production processlElliss information seeking theorylFroehlichs relevance theorylGarfields citation theorylGoodhues technology to performance modellHalters psychological theory of relevancelHeanys cataloguing theorylHjorlands theory of subjects and subject analysislIngwersens

10、 IR interaction modellIngwersens theory of knowledge structureslKrikelass information seeking theorylKuhlthaus Information Search ProcesslLiangs basic entity model of information theorylMarchioninis information seeking modellMellons library anxietylPaisleys systems modellRanganathans bibliographic c

11、lassification theorylRocchio&Saltons vector space modellSandstroms foraging theorylSaracevics interactive IR process modellSaracevics theory of relevancelSavolainens everyday life information seekinglScahmber,Eisenberg&Nilans theory of relevancelSerebnicks conceptual framework for research on select

12、ion and censorshiplSichels generalized inverse Gaussian-Poisson process for informetric modelinglSoergels user-centered approach to indexinglSwansons undiscovered public knowledgelTaylors value addednesslTaylors information needslTague-Sutcliffes theory of information measurementlVickery&Vickerys in

13、formation theorylWilsons situational relevanceTHEORIES ATTRIBUTED TO AUTHORS IN THE SCIENCESlBayesian regression theorylBradfords lawlChaos theorylChens conceptual model for storage and retrievallDempster-Shafer theory of evidencelFuzzy set theorylGraph theorylGreek stemmer algorithmlInformation exp

14、loration paradigmlLotkas lawlMarkov chain theorylNewtonian physics theorylProbability theorylRelational database model/theorylRhetorical structure theorylRough set theorylShannons mathematical theory of communicationlSimon-Yule distributionlTheoretical aspects of multivariate datalWieners cybernetic

15、slZipfs lawTHEORIES ATTRIBUTED TO AUTHORS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCESlActivity theorylAlienation theorylAttitude theorylAttribution theorylBehaviorist learning theorylBerger&Luckmans social constructionlBoisots approach to the political economy of informationlBourdieus sociological theory based on his co

16、nception of fieldslBruners theory of instructionlCamerons organizational effectiveness modelslCannibalism theorylCliffords cultural relativity theorylCommunication theorylCongruity theorylConstructivist approach to learninglCritical theorylDales cone of experiencelDecision theorylde Solla Prices invisible collegesl