国际贸易实务1PPT文档格式.ppt

1、Marking I.Name of GoodsIt is a basis for delivery of goods;It has a bearing on the rights and duties of both importers and exporters;It is necessary for the contractors to stipulate the specifications because commodities are of different kinds,grades,and models.IIQuality of Goodsintrinsic quality an

2、d outside shape of the goods,such as chemical composition,mechanical performance,biological features,modeling,structure,color and luster,and taste of a commodity.（）Methods Describing Quality of Goods1.Sales by Sample Sales by Sellers Sample Sales by Buyers Sample 2.Sales by Description Sales by Spec

3、ifications Sales by Grade Sales by Standard Sales by Brand or Trade Mark Sales by Name of Origin or by Geographical Indication Sales by Description or Illustration Sales as Seen 1.Sales by SampleThe quality of the goods must be in accordance with the quality of the sample.It is suitable for commodit

4、ies that are difficult to standardize and normalize,such as arts and crafts.（1）Sales by Sellers SampleRepresentative Sample（Original Sample,Type Sample）:a sample which is representative of a population.Duplicate Sample（Keep Sample）:after sending a sample to the buyer,the seller should retain another

5、 sample of the same quality for later reference.（2）Sales by buyers Sample“Sales by buyers Sample”refers to that the sample is provided by the buyer.As the buyers are well informed of the target market,samples supplied by them may better cater to the need of the consumers there.Counter Sample（Return

6、Sample）:after receiving a sample by the buyer,the seller usually first duplicates the sample and then sends the duplicate to the buyer for confirmation.Points for attention:The seller should take such practicalities into consideration as raw material supply,processing technique,and available equipme

7、nt to ensure a sound fulfillment of the contract.2.Sale by Description（1）Sales by Specifications:China Northeast Soybean 2008 New Crop,F.A.Q:Moisture 15%max.Admixture 1%max.Imperfect granules 7%max.Oil content 17%max.（2）Sale by gradeFresh Hen Eggs,shell light brown and clean,even in size Grade AA:60

8、-65gm per egg Grade A:50-60gm per egg Grade B:50-55gm per egg Grade C:40-50gm per egg Grade D:40-45gm per egg Grade E:35-40gm per egg（3）Sale by standardFemale Mink Overcoat Full Let Out Made Chinese Standard Body length 120 x115cmTetracycline HCL Tablets（Sugar Coated）250mg.B.P.1993 Fair Average Qual

9、ity（FAQ）&Good Merchantable Quality（G.M.Q）FAQ:to indicate the quality of agricultural products are equal to the average quality of the current crop,recent shipment,etc.G.M.Q:the sale of goods which are of a quality sufficiently good to meet the purpose for which the buyer intends to use the goods,or

10、for which the seller intends that they should be used.（4）Sales by Brand or Trade MarkAs to the goods whose quality is stable,reputation is sound and with which the customers are quite familiar,we may sell it by brand or trade mark.Example:Maling Brand Worcestershire Sauce（5）Sales by Name of Origin o

11、r by Geographical IndicationIt is suitable for some agricultural products and by-products which enjoys a high reputation in the world market and are renowned for their traditional arts and special flavor.Example:West-lake Longjing Tea Zhejiang Origin（6）Sales by Description or Illustration The qualit

12、y of some commodities,such as technological instruments,electric machines,etc.can not be simply indicated by quality indexes,instead it is quite necessary to explain in detail the structure,material,performance as well as method of operation.If necessary,pictures,photos,etc.must also be provided.The

13、 contract may stipulate:“Quality and technical data are to be strictly in conformity with the description submitted by the buyer”.（7）Sales as Seen It is a sale made on the basis that the buyer has inspected the goods and is buying them as a result of this inspection and not on any guarantee of quali

14、ty or condition by the seller.The seller does not guarantee or imply that the goods are suitable for any particular purpose.It applies to some special types of goods such as jewelry,paintings,arts and crafts.（）Quality ClauseQuality clause in a sales contract is subject to the method used in describi

15、ng the subject matter of the contract.In the case of“Sales by Sample”,in addition to the description of commodity,sample number and sending date should be added;if by“Sales by Description&Illustration”,details of the content are required.1.Tolerance Clause（1）The wording“Quality to be considered and

16、being about equal to the sample”or similar expressions is added to the quality clause.（2）Quality Tolerance The quality tolerance refers to the quality deviation internationally recognized.Example:China Sesame Seed Moisture（max）8%;Oil Content 52%basis.Should the oil content of the goods actually shipped be 1%higher or lower,the price will be accordingly increased or decreased by 1