大学英语语法5同位语PPT文件格式下载.ppt

1、College English Grammar:#College English Grammar:#Grammar and WritingBy Zhu XiangjunUnit 5Modifiers：#Appositives Grammar:#Appositives Writing:#Correcting:#Clutters Rewriting:#How to order your ideasAppositives An appositiveAn appositive is a noun or a pronoun that is placed next to is a noun or a pr

2、onoun that is placed next to another noun or pronoun to identify it or give additional another noun or pronoun to identify it or give additional information about it.information about it.Jack is our neighbor.Jack is our neighbor.He is a well-known captain.He is a well-known captain.Our neighborOur n

3、eighbor JackJack is a well-known captain.is a well-known captain.An appositive phraseAn appositive phrase is an appositive plus any words that modify is an appositive plus any words that modify the appositive.the appositive.St.Peter is one of the most famous forts in Europe.St.Peter is one of the mo

4、st famous forts in Europe.It is often visited by young men in winter.It is often visited by young men in winter.St.PeterSt.Peter,one of the most famous forts in Europeone of the most famous forts in Europe,is often,is often visited by young men in winter.visited by young men in winter.We generally u

5、se commas to set off any appositive or We generally use commas to set off any appositive or appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.of the sentence.She is saving money to travel to Rome.She is saving money to trave

6、l to Rome.Rome is the capital of Italy.Rome is the capital of Italy.She is saving money to travel to She is saving money to travel to RomeRome,the capital the capital of Italyof Italy.（The appositive phrase（The appositive phrase the capital of Italythe capital of Italy is not is not essential becaus

7、e Italy has only one capital.）essential because Italy has only one capital.）An essential appositive gives necessary information An essential appositive gives necessary information about a noun and is not set off with commas.about a noun and is not set off with commas.The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet L

8、etter is Hawthornes book.is Hawthornes book.The book has been taken as one of the most The book has been taken as one of the most controversial love stories.controversial love stories.Hawthornes Hawthornes bookbook The Scarlet LetterThe Scarlet Letter has been has been taken as one of the most contr

9、oversial love stories.taken as one of the most controversial love stories.（Hawthorne wrote many books,so（Hawthorne wrote many books,so The Scarlet LetterThe Scarlet Letter is is necessary to make clear which one is the one of the necessary to make clear which one is the one of the most controversial

10、 love stories.）most controversial love stories.）Apart from indicating all meaning of the noun or Apart from indicating all meaning of the noun or pronoun it goes along,an appositive can also denote pronoun it goes along,an appositive can also denote part of its meaning.part of its meaning.WeWe Chine

11、se peopleChinese people are brave and hardworking.are brave and hardworking.He is interested in He is interested in sportssports,especially,especially ball gamesball games.We often see dashes before such expressions as We often see dashes before such expressions as namelynamely and and for instancef

12、or instance,expressions that introduce,expressions that introduce appositives.appositives.All of them All of them namelynamely,most of them most of them have the have the course.course.Some vegetables Some vegetables for instancefor instance,carrots and garliccarrots and garlic can help cure certain

13、 diseases.can help cure certain diseases.When a pronoun is followed by an appositive,choose the When a pronoun is followed by an appositive,choose the case of the pronoun that would be correct if the appositive case of the pronoun that would be correct if the appositive were omitted.were omitted.We

14、are young men.We are young men.We should take the task of reconstruction of our homes We should take the task of reconstruction of our homes after the earthquake.after the earthquake.WeWe young menyoung men should take the task of reconstruction of should take the task of reconstruction of our homes

15、 after the earthquake.our homes after the earthquake.She is the best teacher of the college.She is the best teacher of the college.The college gave her an award for excellence.The college gave her an award for excellence.The college gave The college gave herher,its best teacherits best teacher,an aw

16、ard for,an award for excellence.excellence.Appositive give extra information about the subject Appositive give extra information about the subject but dont change its number.Make sure you dont but dont change its number.Make sure you dont mistake a word in an appositive for the subject of the mistake a word in an appositive for the subject of the sentence.sentence.The students each has a dictionary.The students each has a dictionary.The studentsThe students eacheach havehave a dictionary.a dictionary.E