美国社会与文化内容要点Word格式.doc

1、夏威夷标准时间I. INTRODUCTIONa federal republic 联邦共和国a federation of 50 states and 1 federal district （District of Columbia） 1. capital: Washington, D.C.（District of Columbia）华盛顿哥伦比亚特区Origin of the Name Washington, District of Columbia - The name Washington was to honor the first president of the USA, USA,

2、 George Washington. The name Columbia is in reference to Christopher Columbus（klmbs克里斯托弗哥伦布，意大利航海家，地理大发现的先驱者。他在1492年到1502年间在西班牙国王的资助下四次横渡大西洋，到达美洲大陆，他也因此成为了名垂青史的航海家。）2. total area: 9,826,630 sqkm （4th ）population: 303,824,6403. major cities:u New York （largest city, “Big Apple”）, u Chicago （2nd large

3、st city）, u Los Angeles （3rd largest city）, lsndls; -li:zu Detroit: Motor City汽车城, ditrit4. states:1Vermont，2New Hampshire, 3Massachusetts（,mstu:sits）, 4Connecticut（knetikt）, 5Rhode Island（rud）, 6New Jersey, 7Maryland, 8Delaware（delw）National symbol: Uncle Samlargest state: Alaska2nd largest state:

4、Texas3rd largest state but most populous（ppjls）: Californiasmallest state: Rhode Island6. longest river: the Mississippi （the U.S.A.） longest river: River Severn（sevn）塞文河（the UK）5 lakes五大湖: Superior（Superior sju:piri; s- 苏必利尔湖）, Michigan（miign密歇根湖）, Huron（hjurn休伦湖）, Erie（iri伊利湖）, Ontario（ntriu安大略湖）5

5、II.* America: a melting pot大熔炉 or a mosaic（m（）zek）马赛克?a nation of immigrants, a nation of nations, a microcosm of the world, a melting pot, （makr（）kz（）m 微观世界；小宇宙）（mainstream culture: WASP culture = White Anglo-Saxon Protestant）, a mosaic （a salad bowl） = a multicultural society/cultural diversity/ c

6、ultural pluralism（plr（）lz（）m n. 多元主义；多元论；兼任）III. the discovery of America2 immigration movements to American continents:1） from Asia2） from Europe & Africa1492: Columbus discovered the New World （America）3 earliest colonial powers in the worldSpain, Portugal（p:tjul）, the NetherlandsIV. Europe in the

7、 16th and 17th Centuries1. Medieval Europe: prevalent religion-the Roman Catholic Church （medii:vladj. 中世纪的，原始的；prev（）l（）ntadj. 流行的，普遍的，广传的）2. 3 new forces led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of America1） the development of capitalism2） the Renaissance 文艺复兴（欧洲1416世纪）3） the Religious/Pro

8、testant Reformation 宗/新教改革leaders: Martin Luther, John Calvin, King Henry VIII: Church of England英国国教（会）VI. Colonial Period: 1607-17761. Virginia: by the London Company in 1607, the first English permanent colony in North America （kln殖民地，移民队）*Newfoundland 纽芬兰established in 1583Jamestown-James I （Gol

9、d-tobacco）2. Puritan New England: by PuritansEngland-Holland-Plymouth（plim 普利茅斯（美国马萨诸塞州东南部城市）, Massachussetsthe Pilgrim Fathers:清教移民先驱 the ship Mayflower, Thanksgiving Day 3. Maryland: by a Catholic: the 2nd Lord Baltimorethe manor system（mnn.庄园，领地；庄园制）: a feudal （fjud（）l adj. 封建制度的；领地的；世仇的）experime

10、nt plan （failed）- a capitalist development roadindentured servants白人契约奴 indentd adj. 受契约束缚的，v. 以契约约束；签订契约（indenture的过去分词）4. Quaker Pennsylvania kweik ,pensilveinj n. 教友派信徒；贵格会教徒Philadelphia （“a city of brotherly love”） ,fildelfj; -fi n. 费城（美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市）philanthropy=fraternity博爱 （ flnrp n. 博爱，慈善；慈善事

11、业 frtnt n. 友爱；兄弟会；互助会；大学生联谊会）by a Quaker: William Penn- the Holy Experimentseparation of state and church 政教分离（国家机器与教会分离）Quakerism=the society of friends 贵格会，教友派（quake: shake）Quakers beliefs: man was not born sinful, but equal; liberty and equalitycf: the UK- a society with social hierarchy （hai,r:ki n. 层级；等级制度）VII. The American Revolution （1775-1783） 美国独立战争The American Revolution = The American War of Independence （177