美国社会与文化内容要点Word格式.doc
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夏威夷标准时间
I.INTRODUCTION
afederalrepublic联邦共和国
afederationof50statesand1federaldistrict(DistrictofColumbia)
1.capital:
Washington,D.C.(DistrictofColumbia)华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
OriginoftheNameWashington,DistrictofColumbia-ThenameWashingtonwastohonorthefirstpresidentoftheUSA,USA,GeorgeWashington.ThenameColumbiaisinreferencetoChristopherColumbus([kə'
lʌmbəs]克里斯托弗·
哥伦布,意大利航海家,地理大发现的先驱者。
他在1492年到1502年间在西班牙国王的资助下四次横渡大西洋,到达美洲大陆,他也因此成为了名垂青史的航海家。
)
2.totalarea:
9,826,630sqkm(4th)
population:
303,824,640
3.majorcities:
uNewYork(largestcity,“BigApple”),
uChicago(2ndlargestcity),
uLosAngeles(3rdlargestcity),[lɔs'
æ
ndʒələs;
-li:
z]
uDetroit:
MotorCity汽车城,[di'
trɔit]
4.states:
1Vermont,2NewHampshire,
3Massachusetts([,mæ
sə'
tʃu:
sits]),4Connecticut([kə'
netikət]),
5RhodeIsland([rəud]),6NewJersey,
7Maryland,8Delaware(['
deləwɛə])
Nationalsymbol:
UncleSam
largeststate:
Alaska
2ndlargeststate:
Texas
3rdlargeststatebutmostpopulous(['
pɒpjʊləs]):
California
smalleststate:
RhodeIsland
6.longestriver:
theMississippi(theU.S.A.)
longestriver:
RiverSevern(['
sevən])塞文河(theUK)
5lakes五大湖:
Superior(Superior[sju:
'
piəri;
sə-]苏必利尔湖),Michigan(['
miʃigən]密歇根湖),Huron(['
hjuərən]休伦湖),Erie(['
iəri]伊利湖),Ontario([ɔn'
tεəriəu]安大略湖)
5
II.*America:
ameltingpot大熔炉oramosaic([mə(ʊ)'
zeɪɪk])马赛克?
anationofimmigrants,anationofnations,amicrocosmoftheworld,ameltingpot,(['
maɪkrə(ʊ)kɒz(ə)m]微观世界;
小宇宙)
(mainstreamculture:
WASPculture=WhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestant),amosaic(asaladbowl)=amulticulturalsociety/culturaldiversity/culturalpluralism(['
plʊər(ə)lɪz(ə)m]n.多元主义;
多元论;
兼任)
III.thediscoveryofAmerica
2immigrationmovementstoAmericancontinents:
1)fromAsia
2)fromEurope&
Africa
1492:
ColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld(America)
3earliestcolonialpowersintheworld
Spain,Portugal(['
pɔ:
tjuɡəl]),theNetherlands
IV.Europeinthe16thand17thCenturies
1.MedievalEurope:
prevalentreligion---theRomanCatholicChurch([ˌmediˈi:
vl]adj.中世纪的,原始的;
['
prev(ə)l(ə)nt]adj.流行的,普遍的,广传的)
2.3newforcesledtotheawakeningofEuropeandthediscoveryofAmerica
1)thedevelopmentofcapitalism
2)theRenaissance文艺复兴(欧洲14~16世纪)
3)theReligious/ProtestantReformation宗/新教改革
leaders:
MartinLuther,JohnCalvin,KingHenryVIII:
ChurchofEngland英国国教(会)
VI.ColonialPeriod:
1607---1776
1.Virginia:
bytheLondonCompanyin1607,thefirstEnglishpermanentcolonyinNorthAmerica(['
kɒlənɪ]殖民地,移民队)
*Newfoundland纽芬兰establishedin1583
Jamestown----JamesI(Gold--à
tobacco)
2.PuritanNewEngland:
byPuritans
England--à
Holland--à
Plymouth(['
pliməθ]普利茅斯(美国马萨诸塞州东南部城市)),Massachussets
thePilgrimFathers:
清教移民先驱theshipMayflower,ThanksgivingDay
3.Maryland:
byaCatholic:
the2ndLordBaltimore
themanorsystem(['
mæ
nə]n.庄园,领地;
庄园制):
afeudal(['
fjuːd(ə)l]adj.封建制度的;
领地的;
世仇的)experimentplan(failed)----à
acapitalistdevelopmentroad
indenturedservants白人契约奴[in'
dentʃəd]adj.受契约束缚的,v.以契约约束;
签订契约(indenture的过去分词)
4.QuakerPennsylvania['
kweikə][,pensil'
veinjə]n.教友派信徒;
贵格会教徒
Philadelphia(“acityofbrotherlylove”)[,filə'
delfjə;
-fiə]n.费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市)
philanthropy=fraternity博爱([fɪ'
læ
nθrəpɪ]n.博爱,慈善;
慈善事业[frə'
tɜːnɪtɪ]n.友爱;
兄弟会;
互助会;
大学生联谊会)
byaQuaker:
WilliamPenn----theHolyExperiment
separationofstateandchurch政教分离(国家机器与教会分离)
Quakerism=thesocietyoffriends贵格会,教友派(quake:
shake)
Quakers’beliefs:
manwasnotbornsinful,butequal;
libertyandequality
cf:
theUK--asocietywithsocialhierarchy(['
haiə,rɑ:
ki]n.层级;
等级制度)
VII.TheAmericanRevolution(1775-1783)美国独立战争
TheAmericanRevolution=TheAmericanWarofIndependence(177