1、Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _1_some claims to the contrary, laughing probably h
2、as little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5_ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does._6_
3、, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effec
4、ts of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. _11_one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that h
5、umans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wrzburg in Germany asked vol
6、unteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17_ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, _19_ that expressions may influenc
7、e emotions rather than just the other way around _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.A1Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2DAreflect Bdemand Cindicate DproduceB3Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing DdeterminingC4Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate DobserveA5Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Dre
8、newableB6AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn briefA7Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage DexpectedD8Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens DrelaxesC9Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate DenhanceD10Aphysical Bmental CsubconsciousDinternalB11AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs forA12Awith Bon Cin DatB13Aunless Buntil Cif D
9、becauseB14Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes DsuppressesC15Ainto Bfrom Ctowards DbeyondA16Afetch Bbite Cpick DholdC17Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful DindifferentD18Aadapted Bcatered Cturned DreactedD19Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning DsupposingC20AEventually BConsequentlyCSimilarly DConverselySection II
10、Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-
11、music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, i
12、s that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musici
13、ans like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessa
14、ry for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, a
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