翻译内部讲义星语出品完全免费精Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、2003年考研翻译英译汉试题03考题Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. （61）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life

2、 forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 此外，人类有能力改变他们生活的环境，从而使其他所有的生命形式服从于他们自己的奇思异想。Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious

3、 way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. （62）Social scien

4、ce is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.社会科学乃知识探求中的一支，它研究人类和人类的活动，以一种理性、有序、体系化和冷静的方式进行，就像自然科学家研究自然现象的方式一样。Social science

5、 disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented disci

6、pline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. （63）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.强调第一手资料的收集，和分析古今文化时的

7、跨文化视角，都使得人类学研究成为一门独特而异常重要的社会科学。Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. （64）Tylor defined culture as “.that complex whole which includes belief, a

8、rt, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” 泰勒把文化定义为：“一种复杂的整体，包含了信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及人类作为社会成员所获得的其他能力与习惯。”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tyl

9、ors definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（65）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.因此，“文化”的人类学概念，正如数学中“集合

10、”的概念一样，是一种可能将诸种具体研究和领悟集合在一起的抽象概念。2004年考研翻译英译汉试题04考题The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. （61） The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diver

11、se language could be.希腊人认为语言的结构与思想的过程有关，在人们尚未意识到语言可以达到的多样化程度之前，这种观点就已经深深扎根于欧洲了。 Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of No

12、rth and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. （62） We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other 我们对他们深表感激，因为，有些土著语言自此之后就消失了，原因是讲这些土著语的民族消亡了或者被同化了

13、，从而失去了他们的本族语言。 linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from exotic language, were not always so grateful. （63） The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia t

14、hat some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. 新近研究的语言经常与欧洲和东南亚那些经过仔细研究的语言迥乎不同，以至于一些学者指责鲍亚斯和萨皮尔编造数据。Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. Sapirs

15、pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. （64） Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 因为对语言与思想之间的关系感兴趣，沃尔夫发展出一种观点，认为语言的结构决定了一个社

16、会中的习惯性思维的结构。He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. （65） Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences f