哈佛公开课公正课中英字幕第一课Word格式文档下载.docx

1、因为刹车坏了your brakes dont work.你此时极度绝望You feel desperate因为你深知because you know如果电车撞向那五名工人that if you crash into these five workers他们全都会死they will all die.假设你对此确信无疑Lets assume you know that for sure.你极为无助And so you feel helpless直到你发现 在轨道的右侧 until you notice that there is off to the right有一条侧轨 a side trac

2、k而在侧轨的尽头and at the end of that track只有一名工人在那施工there is one worker working on the track.而你的方向盘还没坏Your steering wheel works只要你想so you can turn the trolley car就可以把电车转到侧轨上去if you want to onto the side track牺牲一人挽救五人性命killing the one but sparing the five.下面是我们的第一个问题:Heres our first question:何为正确的选择whats t

3、he right thing to do?换了你会怎么做What would you do?我们来做个调查Lets take a poll.有多少人会把电车开到侧轨上去How many would turn the trolley car onto the side track?请举手Raise your hands.有多少人会让电车继续往前开How many wouldnt? How many would go straight ahead?选择往前开的 请不要把手放下Keep your hands up those of you who would go straight ahead.只有

4、少数人选择往前开A handful of people would绝大多数都选择转弯the vast majority would turn.我们先来听听大家的说法Lets hear first探究一下为何now we need to begin to investigate the reasons你们会认为这是正确的选择why you think its the right thing to do.先从大多数选择了转向侧轨的同学开始Lets begin with those in the majority who would turn to go onto the side track.为何

5、会这样选择Why would you do it?理由是什么What would be your reason?有没有自告奋勇的Whos willing to volunteer a reason?你来 站起来告诉大家Go ahead. Stand up.我认为当可以只牺牲一个人时Because it cant be right to kill five people牺牲五人不是正确之举when you can only kill one person instead.当可以只牺牲一人时 牺牲五人不是正确之举It wouldnt be right to kill five if you cou

6、ld kill one person instead.这理由不错Thats a good reason.不错That还有其他人吗Who else?人人都赞同这个理由Does everybody agree with that reason?你来Go ahead.我认为这和911的时候是一种情况Well I was thinking its the same reason on 9 11那些让飞机在宾州坠毁的人 被视为英雄with regard to the people who flew the plane into the Pennsylvania field as heroes因为他们选择

7、了牺牲自己because they chose to kill the people on the plane而不是让飞机撞向大楼牺牲更多人and not kill more people in big buildings.这么看来这条原则和911的是一样的So the principle there was the same on 9 11.虽然是悲剧Its a tragic circumstance但牺牲一人保全五人依然是更正确的选择but better to kill one so that five can live这就是大多数人选择把电车开上侧轨的理由吗is that the rea

8、son most of you had those of you who would turn? Yes?现在我们来听听少数派的意见Lets hear now from those in the minority那些选择不转弯的those who wouldnt turn.你来Yes.我认为这与为种族灭绝以及极权主义正名Well I think thats the same type of mentality that justifies genocide是同一种思维模式and totalitarianism.为了一个种族能生存下来In order to save one type of ra

9、ce以灭绝另一个种族为代价you wipe out the other.那换了是你在这种情况下会怎么做So what would you do in this case?为了避免骇人听闻的种族灭绝You would to avoid the horrors of genocide你打算直接开上去把这五个人撞死吗you would crash into the five and kill them?大概会吧Presumably yes.-真的会吗 -对- You would? - Yeah.好吧 还有谁Okay. Who else?很有勇气的回答 谢谢Thats a brave answer.

10、Thank you.我们来考虑一下另一种情况的例子Lets consider another trolley car case看看你们and see whether大多数的人those of you in the majority会不会继续坚持刚才的原则want to adhere to the principle即牺牲一人保全五人是更好的选择better that one should die so that five should live.这次你不再是电车司机了This time youre not the driver of the trolley car只是一名旁观者youre an

11、 onlooker.你站在一座桥上 俯瞰着电车轨道Youre standing on a bridge overlooking a trolley car track.电车沿着轨道从远处驶来And down the track comes a trolley car轨道的尽头有五名工人at the end of the track are five workers电车刹车坏了the brakes dont work这五名工人即将被撞死the trolley car is about to careen into the five and kill them.但你不是电车司机 你真的爱莫能助An

12、d now youre not the driver you really feel helpless直到你发现 在你旁边until you notice standing next to you靠着桥站着的leaning over the bridge是个超级大胖子is a very fat man.你可以选择推他一把And you could give him a shove.他就会摔下桥He would fall over the bridge onto the track正好摔在电车轨道上挡住电车right in the way of the trolley car.他必死无疑 但可以

13、救那五人的性命He would die but he would spare the five.现在Now有多少人会选择把那胖子推下桥how many would push the fat man over the bridge?请举手Raise your hand.有多少人不会How many wouldn大多数人不会这么做Most people wouldnt.一个显而易见的问题出现了Heres the obvious question.我们牺牲一人保全五人的这条原则What became of the principle到底出了什么问题呢better to save five lives

14、 even if it means sacrificing one?第一种情况时What became of the principle大多数人赞同的这条原则怎么了that almost everyone endorsed in the first case?两种情况中都属多数派的人 你们是怎么想的I need to hear from someone who was in the majority in both cases.应该如何来解释这两种情况的区别呢How do you explain the difference between the two?我认为第二种情况The second one I guess牵涉到主动选择推人invo