哈佛公开课公正课中英字幕第一课Word格式文档下载.docx
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因为刹车坏了\yourbrakesdon'
twork.
你此时极度绝望\Youfeeldesperate
因为你深知\becauseyouknow
如果电车撞向那五名工人\thatifyoucrashintothesefiveworkers
他们全都会死\theywillalldie.
假设你对此确信无疑\Let'
sassumeyouknowthatforsure.
你极为无助\Andsoyoufeelhelpless
直到你发现在轨道的右侧untilyounoticethatthereisofftotheright
有一条侧轨\asidetrack
而在侧轨的尽头\andattheendofthattrack
只有一名工人在那施工\thereisoneworkerworkingonthetrack.
而你的方向盘还没坏\Yoursteeringwheelworks
只要你想\soyoucanturnthetrolleycar
就可以把电车转到侧轨上去\ifyouwanttoontothesidetrack
牺牲一人挽救五人性命\killingtheonebutsparingthefive.
下面是我们的第一个问题:
\Here'
sourfirstquestion:
何为正确的选择\what'
stherightthingtodo?
换了你会怎么做\Whatwouldyoudo?
我们来做个调查\Let'
stakeapoll.
有多少人会把电车开到侧轨上去\Howmanywouldturnthetrolleycarontothesidetrack?
请举手\Raiseyourhands.
有多少人会让电车继续往前开\Howmanywouldn'
t?
Howmanywouldgostraightahead?
选择往前开的请不要把手放下\Keepyourhandsupthoseofyouwhowouldgostraightahead.
只有少数人选择往前开\Ahandfulofpeoplewould
绝大多数都选择转弯\thevastmajoritywouldturn.
我们先来听听大家的说法\Let'
shearfirst
探究一下为何\nowweneedtobegintoinvestigatethereasons
你们会认为这是正确的选择\whyyouthinkit'
stherightthingtodo.
先从大多数选择了转向侧轨的同学开始\Let'
sbeginwiththoseinthemajoritywhowouldturntogoontothesidetrack.
为何会这样选择\Whywouldyoudoit?
理由是什么\Whatwouldbeyourreason?
有没有自告奋勇的\Who'
swillingtovolunteerareason?
你来站起来告诉大家\Goahead.Standup.
我认为当可以只牺牲一个人时\Becauseitcan'
tberighttokillfivepeople
牺牲五人不是正确之举\whenyoucanonlykillonepersoninstead.
当可以只牺牲一人时牺牲五人不是正确之举\Itwouldn'
tberighttokillfiveifyoucouldkillonepersoninstead.
这理由不错\That'
sagoodreason.
不错\That'
还有其他人吗\Whoelse?
人人都赞同这个理由\Doeseverybodyagreewiththatreason?
你来\Goahead.
我认为这和9·
11的时候是一种情况\WellIwasthinkingit'
sthesamereasonon911
那些让飞机在宾州坠毁的人被视为英雄\withregardtothepeoplewhoflewtheplaneintothePennsylvaniafieldasheroes
因为他们选择了牺牲自己\becausetheychosetokillthepeopleontheplane
而不是让飞机撞向大楼牺牲更多人\andnotkillmorepeopleinbigbuildings.
这么看来这条原则和9·
11的是一样的\Sotheprincipletherewasthesameon911.
虽然是悲剧\It'
satragiccircumstance
但牺牲一人保全五人依然是更正确的选择\butbettertokillonesothatfivecanlive
这就是大多数人选择把电车开上侧轨的理由吗\isthatthereasonmostofyouhadthoseofyouwhowouldturn?
Yes?
现在我们来听听少数派的意见\Let'
shearnowfromthoseintheminority
那些选择不转弯的\thosewhowouldn'
tturn.
你来\Yes.
我认为这与为种族灭绝以及极权主义正名\WellIthinkthat'
sthesametypeofmentalitythatjustifiesgenocide
是同一种思维模式\andtotalitarianism.
为了一个种族能生存下来\Inordertosaveonetypeofrace
以灭绝另一个种族为代价\youwipeouttheother.
那换了是你在这种情况下会怎么做\Sowhatwouldyoudointhiscase?
为了避免骇人听闻的种族灭绝\Youwouldtoavoidthehorrorsofgenocide
你打算直接开上去把这五个人撞死吗\youwouldcrashintothefiveandkillthem?
大概会吧\Presumablyyes.
-真的会吗-对\-Youwould?
-Yeah.
好吧还有谁\Okay.Whoelse?
很有勇气的回答谢谢\That'
sabraveanswer.Thankyou.
我们来考虑一下另一种情况的例子\Let'
sconsideranothertrolleycarcase
看看你们\andseewhether
大多数的人\thoseofyouinthemajority
会不会继续坚持刚才的原则\wanttoadheretotheprinciple
即"
牺牲一人保全五人是更好的选择"
\"
betterthatoneshoulddiesothatfiveshouldlive."
这次你不再是电车司机了\Thistimeyou'
renotthedriverofthetrolleycar
只是一名旁观者\you'
reanonlooker.
你站在一座桥上俯瞰着电车轨道\You'
restandingonabridgeoverlookingatrolleycartrack.
电车沿着轨道从远处驶来\Anddownthetrackcomesatrolleycar
轨道的尽头有五名工人\attheendofthetrackarefiveworkers
电车刹车坏了\thebrakesdon'
twork
这五名工人即将被撞死\thetrolleycarisabouttocareenintothefiveandkillthem.
但你不是电车司机你真的爱莫能助\Andnowyou'
renotthedriveryoureallyfeelhelpless
直到你发现在你旁边\untilyounoticestandingnexttoyou
靠着桥站着的\leaningoverthebridge
是个超级大胖子\isaveryfatman.
你可以选择推他一把\Andyoucouldgivehimashove.
他就会摔下桥\Hewouldfalloverthebridgeontothetrack
正好摔在电车轨道上挡住电车\rightinthewayofthetrolleycar.
他必死无疑但可以救那五人的性命\Hewoulddiebuthewouldsparethefive.
现在\Now有多少人会选择把那胖子推下桥\howmanywouldpushthefatmanoverthebridge?
请举手\Raiseyourhand.
有多少人不会\Howmanywouldn'
大多数人不会这么做\Mostpeoplewouldn'
t.
一个显而易见的问题出现了\Here'
stheobviousquestion.
我们"
牺牲一人保全五人"
的这条原则\Whatbecameoftheprinciple
到底出了什么问题呢\"
bettertosavefivelivesevenifitmeanssacrificingone?
"
第一种情况时\Whatbecameoftheprinciple
大多数人赞同的这条原则怎么了\thatalmosteveryoneendorsedinthefirstcase?
两种情况中都属多数派的人你们是怎么想的\Ineedtohearfromsomeonewhowasinthemajorityinbothcases.
应该如何来解释这两种情况的区别呢\Howdoyouexplainthedifferencebetweenthetwo?
我认为第二种情况\ThesecondoneIguess
牵涉到主动选择推人\invo
升级会员 