市场营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

1、中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Marketing StrategyMarket Segmentation and Target StrategyA market consists of people or organizations with wants,money to spend,and the willingness to spend it.However,within most markets the buyer needs are not identical.Therefore,a single marketing program starts with iden

2、tifying the differences that exist within a market,a process called market segmentation, and deciding which segments will be pursued ads target markets.Marketing segmentation enables a company to make more efficient use of its marketing resources.Also,it allows a small company to compete effectively

3、 by concentrating on one or two segments.The apparent drawback of market segmentation isthatitwillresultinhigherproductionandmarketingcoststhana one-product,mass-market strategy.However, if the market is correctly segmented,the better fit with customers needs will actually result in greater efficien

4、cy.The three alternative strategies for selecting a target market are market aggregation,singlesegment,andmultiplesegment.Market-aggregationstrategy involves using one marketing mix to reach a mass,undifferentiated market.With a single-segment strategy, a company still uses only one marketing mix,bu

5、t it is directed at only one segment of the total market.A multiple-segment strategy entails selecting two or more segments and developing a separate marketing mix to reach segment.Positioning the ProductManagements ability to bring attention to a product and to differentiate it in a favorable way f

6、rom similar products goes a long way toward determining that products revenues.Thus management needs to engage in positioning,which means developing the image that a product projects in relation to competitive products and to the firms other products.Marketingexecutivescanchoosefromavarietyofpositio

7、ning strategies.Sometimes they decide to use more than one for a particular product.Here are several major positioning strategies:1. Positioning in Relation to a competitorFor some products,the best position is directly against the competition.This strategy is especially suitable for a firm that alr

8、eady has a solid differential advantage or is trying to solidify such an advantage.To fend off rival markers of microprocessors,Intel Corp.launched a campaign to convince buyers that its product is superior to competitors.The company even paid computer makers to include the slogan,Intel Inside in th

9、eir ads.As the market leader,Coca-Cola introduces new products and executes its marketing strategies.At the same time,it keeps an eye on Pepsi-Cola,being sure to match any clever,effective marketing moves made by its primary competitor.2. Positioning in Relation to a Product Class or AttributeSometi

10、mes a companys positioning strategy entails associating its product with(or distancing it from)a product class or attributes.Some companies try to place their products in a desirable class,such asMade in the USA.In the words of one consultant,There is a strong emotional appeal when you say,Made in t

11、he USA.Thus a small sportswear manufacturer,Boston Preparatory Co.is using this positioning strategy to seek an edge over large competitors such as Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger,which dont produce all of their products in the U.S.3. Positioning by Price and QualityCertain producer and retailers ar

12、e known for their high-quality products and high prices.In the retailing field,Sake Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus are positioned at one end of the price-quality continuum.Discount stores such as Target and Kmart are at the other.Were not saying,however,that discounters ignore quality;rather, they s

13、tress low prices.Penneys tiredand for the most part succeeded inrepositioning its stores on the price-quality continuum by upgrading apparel lines and stressing designer names.The word brands is comprehensive;it encompasses other narrower terms.A brand is a name and/or mark intended to identify the

14、product of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate the product from competing products.A brand name consists of words,letters,and/or numbers that can be vocalized.A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design,or distinctive color or lettering.A brand mar

15、k is recognized buy sight bu cannot be expressed when a person pronounces the brand name.Crest,Coors,and rider for RalphLaurens Polo Brand.GreenGiant(cannedand frozen vegetableproducts)and Arm&Hammer(baking soda)are both brand names and brand marks.A trademark is a brand that has been adopted by a s

16、eller and given legal protection.A trademark includes not just the brand mark,as many people believe,but also the brand name.The Lanham Act of 1946 permits firms to register trademarks with the federal government to protect them from use or misuse by other companies.The Trademark Law Revision Act,which took effect in 1989,is tended to strengthen the the registration s