1、动词名词连词形容词副词代词冠词介词2010课标212011课标32012课标2013课标2014课标一、短文改错解题步骤1从语篇入手,理解文章大意短文改错不是单句改错,每一句的语意表达、结构选择是受上下文制约的。如谓语动词时态的选择,代词的指代功能等都要依照上下文的线索进行判断。因此,考生应立足于上下文,正确理解作者意图,把握短文的题材,从整体上把握全文。2在理解大意的基础上,审查句子结构通读全文,了解文章大意、写作方式之后,应把主要注意力放在句子层次上,判断句子的表达是否符合行文逻辑,是否符合语法规范。从历年高考题来看,短文改错绝大多数题目还是句子层次的问题,侧重语言的准确性,所以,对句子结
2、构正确与否的审查是关键的一步。3从语法结构入手,进行语法改错在正误判断的基础上,根据语法规则改正句子中的错误之处。改错时应注意改错设计规律,如:有一项正确,九项错误;每一行只有一个错误;改动之处只能有一个词,或删掉或增词,或修改。4通读全文错误改完之后要通读全文,以检查改错过程中是否有因上下文制约疏忽导致的误改。二、短文改错解题技巧1正确理解做题要求,搞清楚改什么(改动一个单词,不是两个,也不是改标点符号),怎么改(删除、补漏、纠错)。答卷一定要规范,各种符号不能缺少,形式和位置要正确。2短文改错以句为单位设置错误。3并非每句都有错,但若做题结果为多句无错,则说明可能有未被发现的错误,需进一步
3、查找。4拼写错误考点已被取消,不要把注意力用在寻找拼错的单词上,但应注意名词的单复数形式是否有问题。5短文改错有别于单句改错,要重视文章的整体内容和前后照应。既要从单句入手检查语言错误,又要从全文着眼发现行文逻辑方面的问题。注意句与句之间的关系、前后文之间的联系和统一,这样才能将在单个句子中不易发现的错误,如连词运用不当、人称混乱、前后矛盾等问题全部找出来,进行全面改正。6答题时,不仅要注意语法和用词方面的错误,还要注意篇章结构方面的错误。在不少情况下,判断是否有错误不能只看某个词语本身,甚至不能只看某个句子本身,而要弄清文章的含义及内在的逻辑关系等,再根据上下文去判断。7要在弄清整篇内容的基
4、础上,逐句寻查错误。可着重注意以下几个方面:(1)看句子结构是否完整;(2)看文中的习惯用法、固定搭配是否正确;(3)看上下文的逻辑是否合理;(4)看主谓是否一致,时态是否正确,冠词、代词、连词、关系代词和关系副词、名词的数和格、介词、形容词、副词使用是否得当。8短文改错题集多项语法规则和多种语言技能于一身,在约100个词的短文中任何一处都可能出现错误。因此,解题时要力求判断准确,不要在本来正确的地方随意改动。(2014高考新课标全国卷)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherryto
5、matoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethenforalltheseyearwehadbeenallowingtomatoestoselfseedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butweha
6、veneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblem.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost! 答案1第一句:beforeago此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,和一般过去时连用的应是ago,before常和完成时连用。2第一句:byofwiththehelpof.在的帮助下,为固定短语。3第二句:yearyears句中year是可数名词,前面的these应修饰复数形式的名词。4第二句:hadhave时间状语sincethen通常和现在完成时连用,而不是过去完成时。5第三句:在result前加aasaresult结果,为固定短语。
7、6第三句:somewhereeverywhere根据句意可知此处表示“圣女果到处生长”,所以用everywhere。7第四句:tastetasty本句中small,juicy和tasty是并列的表语,所以要用形容词。8第五句:muchmany根据前面的be动词are和后面的them可知应是代替可数名词复数的many。9第六句:删掉but或butyet引导让步状语从句的although不能和连词but连用,但是可以和副词yet连用。所以可以删掉but,也可以把but改为yet。10第七句:wonderfullywonderful修饰名词时应用形容词。A太原二模)DearMr.Johnson,Iv
8、elearnedfromanewspaperthatsomeclerkswerewantedinyourcompany.Iameagertobeoneofthem.SoIamwritingtheletter.MynameisWangPing.IwasbornShanxiProvinceandImingoodhealthy.IvejustgraduatedfromthePhysicsDepartmentofShanxiUniversity.IvedonewellinallsubjectandImespeciallygoodatcomputerstudiesandEnglish.Icanreads
9、ciencebooksinEnglishanddoingsomewritinginEnglishaswell.Besides,IknowafewFrench.Andinmysparetime,Iliketoplaythebasketballverymuch.Itissaidthatyoucompanyisveryfamousandiswellmanaged.IllbeverygladwhetherIcanworkwithyou.Imlookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.Yourssincerely,WangPing答案:Ivelearnedfromanewspaper
10、thatsomeclerkswantedinyourcompany.Iameagertobeoneofthem.SoIamwritingtheletter.MynameisWangPing.IwasbornShanxiProvinceandImingood.IvejustgraduatedfromthePhysicsDepartmentofShanxiUniversity.IvedonewellinallandImespeciallygoodatcomputerstudiesandEnglish.IcanreadsciencebooksinEnglishandsomewritinginEngl
11、ishaswell.Besides,IknowaFrench.Andinmysparetime,Iliketoplaybasketballverymuch.Itissaidthatcompanyisveryfamousandiswellmanaged.IllbeverygladIcanworkwithyou.Imlookingforwardtofromyousoon.B云南第二次复习统一检测)Yesterdayafternoon,Ifellillnessallofasudden.IwasabouttogetupfromthesofawhileIfeltdizzyasifeverythingwe
12、respinningaround.Thenmyheadachedalotof.Thatisakindoffeelingyouhavewhenyougetdrunk.Igotothehospitalnearby,whereIwasgivenamedicalexamination.Tomyrelief,therewassomethingseriouslywrongwithme.Thedoctorsaidthesymptomwasprobablycausedbytoomanypressureandtiredness.NowIthinkitnecessarilytoforgetmyworkforlit
13、tlewhile.Ineedtotakingsomeexerciseeverydayandfindwaystorelaxme.Thatreallymatters.Yesterdayafternoon,Ifellallofasudden.IwasabouttogetupfromthesofaIfeltdizzyasifeverythingwerespinningaround.Thenmyheadachedalot.Thatisakindoffeelingyouhavewhenyougetdrunk.Itothehospitalnearby,whereIwasgivenamedicalexamin
14、ation.Tomyrelief,therewasseriouslywrongwithme.Thedoctorsaidthesymptomwasprobablycausedbytoopressureandtiredness.NowIthinkittoforgetmyworkfor)littlewhile.Ineedtosomeexerciseeverydayandfindwaystorelax/.Thatreallymatters.C东北三省四市第二次联合考试)Travelledabroad,youshouldfollowthecustomsofthecountrywhereyouarevisiting.Whenyouinvited,itisgoodmannerstorefuseoracceptaninvitation,eitherbywritingorbytelephoning.Ifyougototheparty,itispolitetoreachontime.Itisgoodmannerstoshakehandwithyourhost.Youcantakeapresentif
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