自考词汇学笔记名词解释Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 一、选择：二、填空：三、四、选择连线* 1、types of morphemes: Free morphemes; bound morphemes; inflectional morphemes. 2、types of bound morphemes：Prefix; Suffix. 3、types of idioms: Idioms Nominal in nature; Idioms Adjectival in nature; Idioms Verbal in nature; Idioms Adverbal in nature; sentence idioms. 4、types of wor

2、d meaning: Grammatical meaning and lexical meaning; conceptual meaning and associative meaning （connotative meaningstylistic affective collocative ） 5、idioms stylistic features: colloquialisms; slang; literary expressions. 6、idioms rhetorical features:phonetic manipulation （alliterationrhyme）; lexic

3、al manipulation （reiterationrepetitionjuxtaposition）;figures of speech （similemetaphormetonymysynecdovheeuphemismpersonification） 7、types of word formation: affixation; compounding; conversion; blending; clipping; acronym; back-formation; word from proper names. 8、changes in wording: extension; narr

4、owing; elevation; degradation; transfer. 9、types of motivation: morphological motivated; semantic ; etymological ; onomatopoeic 10、语系划分的标准Estern set : Balto-Slavic（Prussian, Lithuanian , Polish ,Czech, Bulgarian ,Slovenian and Russian.）, Indo-Iranian（Persian, Hindi）, Armenian and Albanian ；Western s

5、et : Celtic（Scottish, Irish, Welsh, Breton）, Italic（Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian , Roumanian） , Hellenic（Greek）, Germanic（Norwegian ,Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, English, German）. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. Morphology : the stud

6、y of morpheme and their different forms. Semantics：the study of word meaning. Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning. Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also

7、 on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries. Synchronic study : the study of a word or words at one particular point in time. Diachronic study: an approach to lexicology which studies how a word （or words） changes over a

8、period of time. word: a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. vocabulary：Vocabulary refers to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period.Vocabulary also refers t

9、o all the words of a given dialect, given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. Terminology术语 consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine:Jargon 行话refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particula

10、r arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business. slang 俚语belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words Argot黑话 generally refers to the

11、jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, and outsiders can hardly understand it, Archaisms古词语 are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. Neologisms 新词语are newly-created words or expressions, or words that hav

12、e taken on new meanings. denizens同化词are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. Alien非同化词 are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Translation-loans. 借译词Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from t

13、he existing material in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language. Semantic-loans借义词Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form. But their meanings are borrowed. Content word: the basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary ,which a

14、ccumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. It is the most important part of vocabulary. Creation : the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements. Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet th

15、e new need. Morpheme: the smallest meaningful unit in a language Allomorph: any of the different forms of a morpheme Free morpheme: a linguistic form which can be used on its own as a word Bound morpheme: a form （morpheme） which can not he used alone hut must be used with another morpheme. Bound morphemes include hound roots and affixes