自考词汇学笔记名词解释Word格式文档下载.docx

自考词汇学笔记名词解释Word格式文档下载.docx

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一、选择：

二、填空：

三、四、选择连线*****

1、typesofmorphemes:

Freemorphemes;

boundmorphemes;

inflectionalmorphemes.

2、typesofboundmorphemes：

Prefix;

Suffix.

3、typesofidioms:

IdiomsNominalinnature;

IdiomsAdjectivalinnature;

IdiomsVerbalinnature;

IdiomsAdverbalinnature;

sentenceidioms.

4、typesofwordmeaning:

Grammaticalmeaningandlexicalmeaning;

conceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning（connotativemeaning\stylistic~\affective~\collocative~）

5、idiomsstylisticfeatures:

colloquialisms;

slang;

literaryexpressions.

6、idiomsrhetoricalfeatures:

phoneticmanipulation（alliteration\rhyme）;

lexicalmanipulation（reiteration\repetition\juxtaposition）;

figuresofspeech（simile\metaphor\metonymy\synecdovhe\euphemism\personification）

7、typesofwordformation:

affixation;

compounding;

conversion;

blending;

clipping;

acronym;

back-formation;

wordfrompropernames.

8、changesinwording:

extension;

narrowing;

elevation;

degradation;

transfer.

9、typesofmotivation:

morphologicalmotivated;

semantic~;

etymological~;

onomatopoeic~

10、语系划分的标准Esternset:

Balto-Slavic（Prussian,Lithuanian,Polish,Czech,Bulgarian,SlovenianandRussian.）,Indo-Iranian（Persian,Hindi）,ArmenianandAlbanian；

Westernset:

Celtic（Scottish,Irish,Welsh,Breton）,Italic（Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,Roumanian）,Hellenic（Greek）,Germanic（Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedish,English,German）.

Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.

Morphology:

thestudyofmorphemeandtheirdifferentforms.

Semantics：

thestudyofwordmeaning.

Etymology:

thestudyoftheoriginofwords,andoftheirhistoryandchangesintheirmeaning.

Stylistics:

thestudyofthevariationinlanguagewhichisdependentonthesituationinwhichthelanguageisusedandalsoontheeffectthewriterorspeakerwishestocreateonthereaderorhearer

Lexicography:

thecompilingofdictionaries.

Synchronicstudy:

thestudyofawordorwordsatoneparticularpointintime.

Diachronicstudy:

anapproachtolexicologywhichstudieshowaword（orwords）changesoveraperiodoftime.

word:

awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.

vocabulary：

Vocabularyreferstothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,butitcanstandforallthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.Vocabularyalsoreferstoallthewordsofagivendialect,givenbook,agivendisciplineandthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.

Terminology术语consistsoftechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareasasinmedicine:

Jargon行话referstothespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,tradesandprofessionscommunicateamongthemselvessuchasinbusiness.

slang俚语belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemstostandbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailabletoeveryoneandin-groupwords

Argot黑话generallyreferstothejargonofcriminals.Itsuseisconfinedtothesub-culturalgroups,andoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit,

Archaisms古词语arewordsorformsthatwereonceincommonusebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.

Neologisms新词语arenewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings.

denizens同化词arewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.

Alien非同化词areborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.

Translation-loans.借译词Translation-loansarewordsandexpressionsformedfromtheexistingmaterialintheEnglishlanguagebutmodelledonthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.

Semantic-loans借义词Wordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform.Buttheirmeaningsareborrowed.

Contentword:

thebasicwordstockisthefoundationofthevocabulary,whichaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.Itisthemostimportantpartofvocabulary.

Creation:

theformationofnewwordsbyusingtheexistingmaterials,namelyroots,affixesandotherelements.Semanticchangemeansanoldformwhichtakesonanewmeaningtomeetthenewneed.

Morpheme:

thesmallestmeaningfulunitinalanguage

Allomorph:

anyofthedifferentformsofamorpheme

Freemorpheme:

alinguisticformwhichcanbeusedonitsownasaword

Boundmorpheme:

aform（morpheme）whichcannotheusedalonehutmustbeusedwithanothermorpheme.Boundmorphemesincludehoundrootsandaffixes