关系代词的用法及练习附答案Word下载.docx

1、 ）2、关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。 在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物， 见表：主格 宾格 属格指人 who whom whose指物 which that whose/of which指人或物 that that of which/whose? 例如：This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。 （whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语）He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。 （which 指物，在限定性定语

2、从句中作宾语，可以省略） 关系代词的用法1、关系代词的句法功能1）关系代词在句中作主语例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics2）关系代词在句中作宾语例如：I like music that I can sing along with.3）关系代词在句中作表语例如：The house is not the one （that） it used to be.2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short? 3、关系代词的用法 1）who 和 whom 的用法：二者都用于

3、指人。 Who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。 Whom 在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而 who 则不能。I happened to meet the professor （who/whom） I got to know at a partyin the shopping center yesterday. 2）whose 的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。 在定语从句中作定语。I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics. 3）which 的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。T

4、he photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 4）that 的用法：指人或物，指人时可与 who、whom 互换，指物时可与 that 互换。 在从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。It is a book （that/which） no one really likes. 4、用 who 不用 that 的情况 1）先行词是指人的不定代词时 例如：Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who enteredthe competitions. 2）先行词指人并含有较长的

5、后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时例如：The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother. 3）用在 there be 结构中。There is a young man who wants to see you. 4）避免重复或引起歧义。The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghan. 5）当先行词是 I, you, he, they 等时（常用语谚语之中）。 He who pla

6、ys with fire gets burned. 6）先行词如是指成员的集体名词，关系代词也用 who。The family, who live upstairs, are fond of music. 7）先行词如是拟人化名词，关系代词也可用 who。You will see the worker ants,who gather food for themselves and for all the others. 8）先行词指特定的人时，关系代词多用 who，不指特定的人时多用 that。The aunt who came to see us last week is my father

7、s sister. People that have not been properly trained cant do this kind of qork.5、在以下情况中，关系代词用 that 1）先行词为 all, little, few, none 及 some-, any-, no-与 thing 所组成的复合单词时，只能用 that。There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 2）先行词前有 only, some, any 等形容词修饰时，只能用 that。This is the only problem that we

8、cant work out. 3）先行词前由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用 that。This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 4）先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用他和她，例如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 6、只能用 which 不能用 that 的情形 1）当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用 which例如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is m

9、issing. 2）关系代词前面有介词时，只能用 which例如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 3）先行词本身就是 that 时例如：I dont like that which he did.7、介词与关系代词1）与关系代词搭配的介词的确定（1）依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.（2）依据先行词的某种下滚搭配来确定。 I'll nev

10、er forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.（3）根据所表达的意思确定。 The colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen.（4）在英语中有时为了强调某一名词，关系代词前也加上介词。 Here is the money with which to buy a piano.2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置1）关系代词 whom，which 在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。 为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的

11、词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now. 2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 Is this the watch which he is looking for? 3）关系代词 that 在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。 The city that she lives in is very far away? 4）关系代词 whose 也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。 The boss i

12、n whose company my father worked is a very kind person. 3、“名词/数词/代词/介词+关系代词” 结构常见的形式有：名词 one/two/some/many/the+最高级+of+which/whom。 I have two sisters, both of whom are teachers.NAME: Relative PronounHuman NonhumansDATE: Subject who, thatwhich, that1. 用关系代词引导的的定语从句Object who, whom, that, which, that,

13、Possessive whose, of whom whose, of which1） This is the thief （that/who/whom） we are looking for these days.2） They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.3） Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.2. 关系代词只能用 that 的情况1） 先行词是 all, the only, the very, no, any, fe

14、w, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词。 Eg1. All that he said is true.Eg2. He is the only foreigner that has come here.2） 先行词是序数词 the first, second, third, four, the last 或被序数词修饰的词。 Eg. She was the second （person） that told me the secret.3） 先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰的词。 Eg. This is the best book （tha

15、t） I have read this year.4） 先行词又有人又有物的时候。 Eg. He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.5） 先行词为 way 时的限定性定语从句由 that, in which, 引导。 Eg1. I dont like the way that you spoke. = I dont like how you spoke.Eg2. The way in which he spoke to us was suspicious.3. 先行词指人，关代只能用 who 的情况1） 先行词是 one, ones, anyone。 Eg. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2） 先行词是 those。 Eg. Those who want to see the film sign up here.4. 先行词指物，关代只能用 which 的情况1） 非限定性定语从句Eg.