关系代词的用法及练习附答案Word下载.docx
《关系代词的用法及练习附答案Word下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《关系代词的用法及练习附答案Word下载.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
)2、关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。
在限定性定语从句中,that可指人也可指物,见表:
主格宾格属格指人whowhomwhose指物whichthatwhose/ofwhich指人或物thatthatofwhich/whose?
例如:
Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)Hecamebackforthebookwhichhehadforgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)★关系代词的用法1、关系代词的句法功能1)关系代词在句中作主语例如:
Iprefermusicthat/whichhasgreatlyrics2)关系代词在句中作宾语例如:
IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith.3)关系代词在句中作表语例如:
Thehouseisnottheone(that)itusedtobe.2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语
例如:
Isshetheteacherwhosehairisveryshort?
3、关系代词的用法1)who和whom的用法:
二者都用于指人。
Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语,whom在定语从句中作宾语。
Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语,而who则不能。
Ihappenedtomeettheprofessor(who/whom)Igottoknowatapartyintheshoppingcenteryesterday.2)whose的用法:
一般指人,有时也指物。
在定语从句中作定语。
IhavegotafriendwhosebrotheristrainingfortheOlymoics.3)which的用法:
一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。
ThephotowhichwelikedbestwastakenbyZhaoMin.4)that的用法:
指人或物,指人时可与who、whom互换,指物时可与that互换。
在从句中可作主语、宾语,还可作表语。
Itisabook(that/which)noonereallylikes.4、用who不用that的情况1)先行词是指人的不定代词时例如:
Congratulationstoourwinnersandthankstoeveryonewhoenteredthecompetitions.2)先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时例如:
Theboywascryinghardwholosthiswaywhilelookingforhismother.3)用在therebe结构中。
Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.4)避免重复或引起歧义。
ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadmasterwhohasjustcomefromShanghan.5)当先行词是I,you,he,they等时(常用语谚语之中)。
Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.6)先行词如是指成员的集体名词,关系代词也用who。
Thefamily,wholiveupstairs,arefondofmusic.7)先行词如是拟人化名词,关系代词也可用who。
Youwillseetheworkerants,whogatherfoodforthemselvesandforalltheothers.8)先行词指特定的人时,关系代词多用who,不指特定的人时多用that。
Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’ssister.Peoplethathavenotbeenproperlytrainedcan’tdothiskindofqork.5、在以下情况中,关系代词用that1)先行词为all,little,few,none及some-,any-,no-与thing所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。
Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress.2)先行词前有only,some,any等形容词修饰时,只能用that。
Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.3)先行词前由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。
ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.4)先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用他和她,例如:
LuXunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat.6、只能用which不能用that的情形1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which例如:
Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing.2)关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which例如:
Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.3)先行词本身就是that时例如:
Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.
7、介词与关系代词1)与关系代词搭配的介词的确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.
(2)依据先行词的某种下滚搭配来确定。
I&
#39;
llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.(3)根据所表达的意思确定。
Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.(4)在英语中有时为了强调某一名词,关系代词前也加上介词。
Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuyapiano.2、关系代词作介词的宾语时,介词的位置1)关系代词whom,which在从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。
为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
Theoldmanwhomthenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.2)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
Isthisthewatchwhichheislookingfor?
3)关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。
Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway?
4)关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。
Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.3、“名词/数词/代词/介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有:
名词one/two/some/many/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。
Ihavetwosisters,bothofwhomareteachers.NAME:
RelativePronounHumanNonhumansDATE:
Subjectwho,thatwhich,that1.用关系代词引导的的定语从句Objectwho,whom,that,Φwhich,that,ΦPossessivewhose,ofwhomwhose,ofwhich
1)Thisisthethief(that/who/whom)wearelookingforthesedays.2)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.3)Pleasefindaroomwhichisbigenoughforallofustolivein.2.关系代词只能用that的情况1)先行词是all,theonly,thevery,no,any,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词。
Eg1.Allthathesaidistrue.Eg2.Heistheonlyforeignerthathascomehere.2)先行词是序数词thefirst,second,third,four,thelast或被序数词修饰的词。
Eg.Shewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰的词。
Eg.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.4)先行词又有人又有物的时候。
Eg.Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatheremembered.5)先行词为way时的限定性定语从句由that,inwhich,Φ引导。
Eg1.Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspoke.=Idon’tlikehowyouspoke.Eg2.Thewayinwhichhespoketouswassuspicious.3.先行词指人,关代只能用who的情况1)先行词是one,ones,anyone。
Eg.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.2)先行词是those。
Eg.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere..4.先行词指物,关代只能用which的情况1)非限定性定语从句Eg.