1、vinegar醋chili 辣椒garlic 蒜garlic bulb 蒜头chive, shallot 葱ginger 姜fennel 茴香gourmet powder 味精sugar 糖mustard 芥茉tomato ketchup/sauce番茄酱barbeque sauce 沙茶酱caviar 鱼子酱seasoning 调味品peanut oil 花生油soy sauce 酱油essence of chicken 鸡精paprika 红椒scallops 干贝curry 咖喱pepper 胡椒scallion, leek 青葱, 韭菜三中国菜常用蔬菜:mustard leaf 芥菜l
2、ettuce 生菜spinach 菠菜caraway 香菜hair-like seaweed 发菜bamboo shoot 竹笋dried bamboo shoot 笋干chives 韭黄cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜leek 韭菜celery 芹菜lettuce 莴苣mater convolvulus 空心菜dried lily flower 金针菜cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜tomato 番茄,西红柿onion 洋葱asparagus 芦笋cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子potato 马铃薯carrot 胡萝卜pumpkin 西葫芦,南瓜melon 香瓜,甜瓜loofa
3、h 丝瓜bitter gourd 苦瓜radish 萝卜green pepper 青椒lotus root 莲藕mushroom 蘑菇needle mushroom 金针菇button mushroom 草菇champignon 香菇dried mushroom 冬菇agarics木耳white fungus 白木耳taro 芋头yam 山芋pea 豌豆string bean 四季豆green soy bean 毛豆bean sprout 豆芽soybean sprout 黄豆芽mung bean sprout 绿豆芽四中国菜常见小吃及开胃菜:steamed bread 馒头meat bun
4、肉包子soya-bean milk 豆浆shao-mai 烧麦preserved bean curd 腐乳pickled cucumbers 酱瓜preserved egg 皮蛋salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋omelets 煎蛋卷poached egg 荷包蛋scramble eggs 炒蛋crispy rice 锅巴gruel, soft rice , porridge 粥noodles with gravy 打卤面plain noodle 阳春面barbecued pork 叉烧millet congee 小米粥teamed dumpling 蒸饺ravioli /wonton馄饨
5、fried pork flakes 肉松fermented blank bean 豆豉dried beef slices 牛肉片dried pork slices 猪肉片dried turnip 萝卜干spring roll 春卷rice glue ball 元宵glue pudding 汤圆fried dumpling 煎贴bean curd with odor 臭豆腐rice cake 年糕dried bean curd 豆腐干deep-fried flour stick油条五中国菜常见刀工:切/削:cutting切片:slicing切丝:shredding切碎:mincing切丁:dic
6、ing切柳:filleting去骨:boning去皮:skinning/ peeling刮鳞:scaling剁末:mashing刻/雕:carving酿:stuffing腌:pickling/ salting浸/泡:marinating去壳:shelling斩/剁块:chopping六中国菜常用烹调方法:炒:stir-frying煎:pan-frying爆:quick-frying炸:deep-frying干炸:dry deep-frying软炸:soft deep-frying酥炸:crisp deep-frying烧:braising煮:boiling蒸:steaming炖/煨/焖:sim
7、mering/ stewing熏:smoking烘/烤:baking/ broiling/ grilling/ roasting/ basting白灼:scalding卤:spicing 拌:mixing涮:instant-boiling七中国菜肴名称的翻译方法:(一)以主料开头的翻译方法1 介绍菜肴的主料和辅料:公式:主料(形状)+(with)辅料例:杏仁鸡丁 chicken cubes with almond 牛肉豆腐 beef with bean curd 西红柿炒蛋 Scrambled egg withtomato2 介绍菜肴的主料和味汁:主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁芥末鸭掌
8、 duck webs with mustard sauce 葱油鸡 chicken in Scallion oil米酒鱼卷 fish rolls with rice wine(二)以烹制方法开头的翻译方法1 介绍菜肴的烹法和主料:烹法+主料(形状)软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet 烤乳猪roast suckling pig 炒鳝片Stir-fried eel slices2 介绍菜肴的烹法和主料、辅料公式:烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料仔姜烧鸡条braised chicken fillet with tender ginger3 介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁:烹法+主料
9、(形状)+(with, in)味汁红烧牛肉 braised beef with brown sauce 鱼香肉丝 fried shredded pork with Sweet and sour sauce清炖猪蹄 stewed pig hoof in clean soup 注:如果菜中有汤,在翻译时要根据菜中汤料的多少区别对待。通常采用两种模式翻译:如果汤少,仅是汁状,则:主料 with 汤汁 如:茄汁牛肉 Fried Beef with Tomato Sauce如果汤多呈稀汤状,则:主料 in 稀汤 卤炸乳鸽子 Deep-fried Pigeon in Spiced Sauce(三)以形状或
10、口感开头的翻译方法1 介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料公式:形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料芝麻酥鸡 crisp chicken with sesame 陈皮兔丁 diced rabbit with orange peel时蔬鸡片 sliced chicken with seasonal vegetables2 介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料公式:口感+烹法+主料香酥排骨 crisp fried spareribs水煮嫩鱼 tender stewed fish香煎鸡块 fragrant fried chicken3 介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁公式:形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁
11、茄汁鱼片 sliced fish with tomato sauce 椒麻鸡块 cutlets chicken with hot pepper黄酒脆皮虾仁 crisp shrimps with rice wine sauce(四)以人名或地名开头的翻译方法1 介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料公式:人名(地名)+主料麻婆豆腐 Ma Po bean curd四川水饺 Sichuan boiled dumpling2 介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料公式:人名(地名)+烹法+主料东坡煨肘 DongPo stewed pork joint北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck在中餐菜名翻
12、译成英文的过程中,可以采用多种不同的方法,而且每一道菜都可以从不同的角度入手进行翻译。例如,川菜中的“宫保鸡丁”这道菜就有以下几种译法:1.sauteed chicken cubes with peanuts2.Gongbao chicken cubes3.diced chicken with chili and peanuts(五)如果菜中配有中草药,事实上因为外国人并不太懂得各种草药的实际作用,对于他们而言,中国的草药都是具有神奇效用的,所以不妨将各种草药一律翻译为Chinese Herbs天麻炖鸡:Stewed Chicken with Chinese Herbs由此可见,中餐菜名的英译
13、方法是灵活多变的。至于我们在翻译中最终采用哪种方法,则可根据各人的习惯和具体情况确定。不过根据一般经验,只要掌握了第一种以主料开头的翻译方法,对其它种类的翻译方法便可以触类旁通,我们只需根据文中所列出的翻译公式去相应作一些交换就行了。中 餐 英 文 菜 谱全体乳猪 Roast whole suckling pig特色五福拼盘 Special five varieties.葡国碳烧肉Portuguese roast pork脆皮靓烧鸡Crispy chicken湛江皇后水晶鸡Zhanjiang Crystal chicken金牌回香鸡Golden tasty chicken盐香脆皮鸡Salty crispy chicken高州葱油先鸡Gaozhou style shallot favour Chicken 蜜汁碳烧叉烧Honey charcoal pork碳烧靓排骨Charcoal spare ribs骨香乳鸽Tasty baby pigeon锦绣烧味拼盘Assorted barbecue meat新派卤水拼盘New style soy sauce stewed meat新派卤水掌翼New style soy sauce stewed goose wing and feet新派卤水大肠头New style soy sauce stewed pigs intestine
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