局解总结文档格式.docx

1、Inferior lumbar triangle 腰下三角 Boundaries Lower part of the lateral margin of latissimus dorsi Posterior free border of the obliquus externus abdominis Iliac crestSuperior lumbar triangle腰上三角 Serratus posterior inferior Erector spinae Obliquus internus abdomins上肢Cephalic vein 头静脉 Arises from the late

2、ral side of the dorsal venous rete on the back of hand Winds around the lateral border of the forearm; it then ascends into the cubital fossa and up the front of the arm on the lateral side of the biceps. It continues up in the deltopectoral groove and then to the infraclavicular fossa, where it pie

3、rces clavipectoral fascia to drain into axillary vein.Basilic vein 贵要静脉 Arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous rete of hand Winds around the medial border of the forearm Then ascends into the cubital fossa and up the front of the arm on the medial side of the biceps to middle of the arm wh

4、ere it pierces the deep fascia and joins the brachial vein or axillary veinMedian cubital vein 肘正中静脉 Links cephalic vein and basilic vein in the cubital fossa It is a frequent site for venipuncture to remove a sample of blood or add fluid to the bloodAxillary fossa 腋窝Boundaries Apex Middle 1/3 of cl

5、avicle Lateral border of first rib Upper border of the scapula Base Skin Superficial fascia Axillary fascia 腋筋膜（cribriform fascia 筛状筋膜） The medial wall Serratus anterior Upper four ribs and intercostal spaces The lateral wall Intertubercular groove Long head and short head of biceps brachii Coracobr

6、achialis The anterior wall Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Subclavius Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜 The posterior wall Subscapularis Teres major Latissimus dorsi ScapulaContents Axillary a. and principal branches Axillary v. and tributaries Brachial plexus and branches Axillary lymph nodes Loose conne

7、ctive tissue Trilateral foramen 三边孔（trilateral space 三边隙） Boundaries Superior: teres minor subscapularis lateral border of scapula, articular capsule of shoulder joint Inferior: teres major Lateral: long head of triceps brachii Structures pass through the trilateral foramen Circumflex scapular a. an

8、d v. Quadrilateral foramen 四边孔（quadrilateral space 四边隙） teres minor subscapularis articular capsule of shoulder joint Medial: long head of triceps brachii surgical neck of humerus Structures pass through the quadrilateral foramen Axillary n. Posterior humeral circumflex a. and v.Axillary artery Begi

9、ns at the at lateral border of first rib as a continuation of subclavian artery At the lower border of teres major it becomes the brachial artery. Divided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minorBranches First part superior thoracic a. thoracoacromial a. Second part lateral thoracic a. Third p

10、art subscapular a. throcodorsal a. circumflex scapular a. anterior humeral circumflex a. posterior humeral circumflex a. Brachial artery 肱动脉 Begins at the lower border of the teres major as a continuation of axillary artery Terminates opposite the neck of radius by dividing into radial and ulnar art

11、eries Branches Deep brachial a. 肱深动脉 Follows the radial nerve into the spinal groove of the humerus Superior ulnar collaeral a. 尺侧上副动脉 follows the ulnar nerve Inferior ulnar collateral a.尺侧下副动脉 Takes part in the anastomosis around the elbow joint. Median nerve 正中神经 Origin Arises from the medial and

12、lateral cord of the brachial plexus Course Descends on the lateral side of brachial artery Halfway down the arm, it crosses the brachial artery to reach its medial sideHumeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管 Composition Formed by triceps brachii 肱三头肌and groove for radial nerve of humerus 肱骨桡神经沟 Structures passin

13、g through the tunnel Radial nerve 桡神经 Deep brachial a. and v. 肱深动静脉 Radial collateral a. 桡侧副 动脉 Middle collateral a. 中副动脉Cubital fossa 肘窝Boundaries Laterally: brachioradialis肱桡肌 Medially: pronator teres旋前圆肌 Roof: skin, superficial facia, deep fascia and aponeurosis of biceps Floor: brachialis 肱肌, su

14、pinator 旋后肌and capsule of elbow joint 肘关节囊 biceps brachii tendon 肱二头肌腱 Medial to biceps brachii tendon Brachial a. 肱动脉divides into radial and ulnar a., usually at apex of fossa Brachial v. 肱静脉 Median n. 正中神经 Lateral to the biceps brachii tendon Radial n. 桡神经 Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. 前臂外侧皮神经 Deep cubital