81培优生教师用动词分类ATWord下载.docx

1、实义动词是能独立做谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1. 及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意义完整。（1）动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。（2）动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly. 我们叫那只鸟Polly。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。【注意】带省略to的不定式或现在分词做宾补的动词有：make, let, have, see, watch, notice

2、,hear等。（3）动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。常见带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return等。2. 不及物动词不及物动词自身意义完整，无需接宾语。如：Horses run fast. 马跑得快。They work in the factory. 他们在工厂里工作。（1）有些词既可以是不及物动词又可以是及物动词。We study English. 我们学习英语。（及物动词）We stud

3、y hard. 我们努力学习。（不及物动词）Boys fly kites. 男孩子们放风筝。Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。（2）有些不及物动词和一些别的词语搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用相当于一个及物动词，要注意积累。动词 + 介词Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。Listen to me! 听我说！此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在介词和动词之间。动词 + 副词He turned off the light when he left. 他离开时关了灯。He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡

4、起来，并给了我。【注意】代词做宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后都可以。动词 + 副词 + 介词Lets go on with the work. 让我们继续工作吧。He gets along well with his classroom. 他与他的同学们相处的很好。【注意】宾语只能放在介词之后。动词 + 名词 + 介词He takes prides in doing a job well. 她以做好工作而自豪。Please pay attention to the phrases in the article. 请注意文章中的词组。We can make good

5、use of air. 我们可以充分利用空气。【注意】这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作宾语，宾语只能放在介词后面。be + 形容词 + 介词We are proud of being Chinese. 我们都为是中国人而自豪。She is satisfied with what I said. 她对我所说的话满意。3. 延续性动词和非延续性动词（1）延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生便立即结束，如buy, lend, borrow, die, stop, begin, finish, arrive, join, go等，非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就

6、要用其他词代替。He has been here for 3 years. 他已经在这里三年了。The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开始十分钟了。【系动词】系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、身份或特征。常见的系动词有：be, become, get, look, seem, turn, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep等。这些词没有被动语态形式，也不用于进行时态。Mr. Wang seems very angry. 王先生看起来很生气。This kind of clot

7、h feels soft. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。Now my dream becomes. 现在我的梦想实现了。You must keep healthy. 你必须保持健康。Her face turns red. 她的脸变红了。【助动词】助动词本身没有词义或者词义不完整，不能单独构成谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be, have, has, do, does, did, will和shall等。1.助动词be （am, is, are, was,were）（1） “助

8、动词be+现在分词”构成进行时。The students are having class. 学生们正在上课。They asked me what I was doing all afternoon. 他们问我整个下午一直在干什么。（2）“助动词be+过去分词”构成被动语态。The baby was put in bed by his mother. 这个婴儿被他的妈妈放在床上。The invitation was received yesterday. 昨天收到请柬的。2.助动词do （does, did）用于构成疑问句、倒装句、否定句、加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。-Do you

9、 live China? 你住在中国吗？-Yes, I do. 是的，我住在中国。He didnt go to see the film last Sunday. 上星期天他没去看电影。Do be quiet, children. 孩子们，务必安静些。Only then did I realize it. 直到那时我才意识到这一点。4. 助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。（shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。）如：There wil be more trees in one hundred birthday. 到下一个生日，我就15岁了。【情态动词】情态动词有一定的词义，

10、本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语。I can swim. 我能游泳。Maybe he is my new English teacher. 他可能是我的新的英文老师。1.Will you please help me to repair the computer now? Sorry. Im too busy and I havent a minute to _.【2011无锡】A. spare B. share C. spendD. save答案：A【解析】根据Sorry可猜测答语意为“很抱歉，我太忙了，就连一分钟时间都腾不出来。，故答案选A，

11、意为“分出；腾出”。2. The baby is sleeping. Please_the radio.【2011湖南永州】A. turn onB. turn downC. turn upB 【解析】根据语境，应该是“turn down”收音机关小点,“turn on” 是打开，“turn up”是发生，故选B。3. On October 15, 2003 China its second lunar orbiter Change.【2011新疆阜康】A. set outB. set offC. sent up D. sent out C【解析】动词短语意义的考查。set out意为“开始；着

12、手；打算”；set off意为“出发；动身”；send up意为“发射；发出”；send out意为“发送；派遣”。故选C。4.If you dont work hard for most of the year and then work hard for only a few days before the exam, you will probably .【2011四川绵阳】A. succeedB. finish C.failD. passC【解析】词义辨析。根据句意“如果你一年中大部分时间不努力学习并只在考试前努力，”可以推断“那么你将可能失败。”，故选C。5. -Your coat

13、is so beautiful. It must be expensive. -Not really. I only _ ￥30 on it. 【泸州市2011】A. costB. spentC. paidD. took【解析】同义词辨析。考查spend.on 用法。6. The T-shirt looks nice on you! How much does it ? I just ten dollars for it.【2011四川成都】A. take; afforded B. cost; paid C. cost; spent【解析】考查动词用法辨析。注意以下句型：“sb. spends

14、 money/time +on /in doing sth.”；“It /sth. costs （sb.） + money”；“It takes sb. time to do sth.”;“sb. pays + money for sth.”；“afford to do sth.”（负担得起做某事）。根据本题句式选B。7. Many volunteers food and water to the local people in Japan after the tsunami.【2011盐城】A. gave outB. cut outC. Put out D. found outA考查短语动词。句意：日本的海啸发生后许多志愿者给当地人民提供了食物和水。gave out提供，分发；cut out切断;put out熄灭；found out查出。8. Sandy feels unhappy because nobody seem