复旦R语言PPT课件.ppt

1、R:Statistics?Programme?and Who are You?,-An ABC introduction to R,Presented byGuohui DingR&D,SIBS,CAS,For Fudan University,Main Topics Today,What is R?How to administrate R?How does R work?How to apply R for statistical problem?How to program your R function?,What is R?,A brief history of R,The lege

2、nd of R,R started in the early 1990s as a project by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland,New Zealand,intended to provide a statistical environment in their teaching lab.The lab had Macintosh computers,for which no suitable commercial environment was available.,Robert Gentle

3、man,Ross Ihaka,Rs Parents(1),The S languageS:an interactive environment for data analysis developed at Bell Laboratories since 1976Exclusively licensed by AT&T/Lucent to Insightful Corporation,Seattle WA.Product name:“S-plus”.,You can learn more from:http:/cm.bell-,My father is S,mother is Scheme,bu

4、t why my name is“R”?,The Scheme languageScheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr.and Gerald Jay Sussman.Learn more:http:/swiss.csail.mit.edu/projects/scheme/Schemes underlying semantics+Ssyntax=R,Rs Parents(2),

5、“We have named our language R in part to acknowledge the influence of S and in part to celebrate our own efforts.”-R.Ihaka R.Gentleman,R Now,Since mid-1997 there has been a core group who can modify the R source code CVS archive.The R package system CRAN(the Comprehensive R Archive Network),http:/ww

6、w.r-project.org,The characters of R,R is“GNU S”A language and environment for data manipula-tion,calculation and graphical display.That is R is a Free Software(or Open source software).(Here,Free refers to freedom,not price,although R is free in that sense as well.)The core of R is an interpreted co

7、mputer language.A mosaic of procedure-based programming and object-oriented programming Good interface to procedures written in C,C+,FORTRAN and other languagesA flexible data exchange mechanism accessingrelational databases-ODBC,PostgreSQL,MySQL and so on.,小偷与强盗的谈判,R and Statistics,Most packages de

8、al with statistics and data analysis.Powerful statistical graphics.Well crosstalking with other statistical softwares.Most R user are statistical experts.You can learn more modern analysis method from they by email.You can do it when you come across a thing no body do it before.,Install and administ

9、rate R,Focus on Windows(MS),How do I get R?,The informational web site http:/www.r-project.org/CRAN-the Comprehensive R Archive Network.The primary site is http:/cran.r-project.org/.Mirror sites are available for many countries.CRAN sites have binary distributions for Windows 95,98,ME,NT4,2000 and X

10、P on Intel,for the Macintosh(System 8.6 to 9.1 and MacOS X),and for several Linux distributions.New releases occur frequently about every 3 months.Be prepared to re-install frequently.Also you can get it from your friends,teachers,etc.,Down it!It is about 20.6M in size.,Using Precompiled Binary Dist

11、ributions,Installing R,Double click“rw1091.exe”using your mouse.That is OK.You can install it as all other standard MS softwares.,R Console/RGui in Windows(MS),Command box,Graphics box,Menu,Icons,Several concepts in Administrating R,Workspacexxx.RDataHistoryxxx.RhistoryPackageObjectSession Console,R

12、un your R codes,Load/save workspace,Load/save History,Change your working directory,Add a new package,Commands:library()add a package in the librarydetach(package:xxx)detach a packageAll can do in the GUI(except detach(),Load a local package,Install packages frominternet or local,Update the local pa

13、ckage from internet,Packages in R Environment,Basic packagespackage:methods package:stats package:graphics“package:utils package:base Recommanded packagesgrid;lattice;e1071Contributed packages(more than 366 packages nowadays),You can see what packages loaded now by the command search().,Dont lose yo

14、ur way!,Three useful system commandgetwd()Get Working Directorysetwd()Set Working Directorylist.files()List the Files in a Directory/Folder,Show the Demonstrations of the Packages/Functions,Commandsdemo()Demonstrations of R Functionalityexample()Run an Examples Section from the Online Help,Getting H

15、elps,Several commandshelp.start()help()or?()help.search()apropos()Internet searchingI like it verymuch.It seemsomnipotence.,Quit R,Commandq()Terminate an R Session,How does R work?,Basic R Structure and data manipulation,Basic R working flow(Object orientation),package,-R for Beginners.Emmanuel Para

16、dis,Object orientation,Object:a collection of atomic variables and/or other objects that belong togetherParlance:class:the“abstract”definition of itobject:a concrete instancemethod:other word for functionslot:a component of an object,Types of Data in R,The basic data object is a vector of elements of type:numeric numbers-either floating point or integercharacter each element is a character stringlogical each element is TRUE or FALSElist elements can be any type of object,including other listsCom