英语四级必备语法知识Word文件下载.docx

1、3）将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another months time shell have been studying here for three years.4）将来完成时（由shall/will have + 过去分词构成）: 将来某时已发生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.Theyll have hit the years target by the end of Oc

2、tober.语态可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to hav

3、e been sunk.担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. （你应该晓得速度限制）双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.He was asked a number of questions at the press

4、conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.宾补结构的被动语态:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.短语动词Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.Vi + prepTh

5、ey looked round the Cathedral.Vi + prep （有被动语态）Shes looking after her sisters children.The children were always well looked after.Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mot

6、her.They took him on.Vt + adv + O （无被动语态）I am trying to give up smoking.Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a）,或者主语是it b）,就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉.Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according t

7、o the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, howev

8、er understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The do

9、cuments will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.If necessary Ill have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where（ver） necessary.If possible, I should li

10、ke to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.在以than a） 或 as b） 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.He told me not to use more material than （it is） necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people （did）.He

11、is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.错误的省略His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.一致如果主语是

12、单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.代词作主语时的一

13、致each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you?some, few, both, many 等作复数some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复

14、数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:None of the books are easy enough for usNone of us seem to have thought of it.None （= not a single one） of us has got a camera.None （= nobody） has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词 （all of the, most of the ）, 动词用单数.由and 或 both and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not onlybut （a