高中英语外研版必修3Module 5Section Ⅰ IntroductionWord格式.docx

1、Ancient China was a place where states were often at war witheach other. But it was also a timewhen there were many great philosophers. Confucius （551 BC 479 BC） is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese socie

2、ty was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confuciuss ideas, and was then given an

3、 important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice， he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principlesof Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book

4、of his teachings called TheBookofMencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people

5、badly.be at war with “与交战”，表示处于战争的状态。where states were often at war with each other 是 where 引导的定语从句，修饰 a place, where 在从句中作地点状语。a time 一个时期，一段时间when there were many great philosophers 是 when 引导的定语从句，修饰 a time, when 在从句中作时间状语。whose influence has been the greatest 是 whose 引导的定语从句， whose 在从句中作定语。该定语从句使

6、用了现在完成时态。stress/stres/vt.强调order/d/n.秩序be similar to 与相似（to 为介词）those 为替代词，替代前面出现的 teachings, 相当于 the teachings。bring up 养育；抚养was brought up 为被动语态结构position/pzIn/n.职位follow ones advice take ones advice 接受/采纳某人的建议resign/rIzaIn/vt.辞职现在分词短语 teaching . 作伴随状语。principle/prInspl/n.原则；准则adviser/dvaIz/n.顾问He

7、 spent . preparing . 中含有 spend time （in） doing sth. 结构；过去分词短语 called TheBookofMencius 作后置定语，修饰 a book。古代中国的哲学家第12段译文古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了众多伟大哲学家的时期。孔子（公元前551年公元前479年）是影响最大的哲学家。他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受这些思想的影响长达2000多年。孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年。他幼年丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。他成为儒家弟子，后来在一个诸侯国的政府内居要职。然而，当他

8、看到统治者不采纳他的建议时，就辞去了官职。他周游列国多年，传授孔子的思想，后来成了另一位统治者的谋士。他把余生都用来准备写一本关于他学说的书，名为孟子。孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。他告诫人们，假若政府仁慈，人民就会有善行。他认为民贵君轻，憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behav

9、iour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways， his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men we

10、re equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.influential/Influenl/adj.有影响的found v创立；建立foundfoundedfounded过去分词短语 called M

11、ohism 作后置定语。in some ways 在某些方面belief n信念；相信动词形式是 believe; 反义词为 disbelief。love/lv/n.仁爱look after 照顾；照料第3段译文,墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。他生于公元前476年，出身贫寒。他因不修边幅、行为怪异而闻名。墨子创立了被称为“墨家学说”的哲学理论。他的学说在某些方面和孔子的学说相似。例如，他认为政府是最重要的。因此，他花了许多年的时间试图寻找一个人们愿意遵从他思想的国家。墨子认为，众生平等。他的仁爱思想与孔子的仁爱思想不同。墨子告诫人们要兼爱，要照顾弱者。他憎恨那种战争的观点。墨子于公元前390年去世。Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.1equal An.职位2importance Bn.善良3philosophy Cadj.有影响的4kindness Dn.秩序5order Eadj.平等的6principle Fn.原则；7position Gn.哲学8stress Hvt.强调9resign Ivi.辞职10influential Jn.重要；重要性15_610_答案：15EJGBD61