高考英语定语从句关系词讲解.docx

1、高考英语定语从句关系词讲解高考英语定语从句关系词讲解1、考点分析 定语从句的关系词在高考中是考试的一个重要语法点，在题型上主要语法填空和翻译句子中考到。2、专题详解导入：我们先看以下几个句子：（1）This is his book.（2）Please turn on that green light.（3）Do you like the beautiful flowers?在这些句子中的book, light,flowers前面的修饰语只是简单词,它们对后面的几个名词起一种修饰作用。那如果要表达以下几个句子又该怎么办呢？（1）我昨天买的 这本书不贵。（2）住在我隔壁的 这个人是卖菜的。（3）那

2、是 他们去年住的 房子。（4）小明还记得 他第一次来广州 那天。这时,我们会发现,只用简单词来做修饰语还不行，有的时候需要用句子来表达意思：(1): This book ( that / which) I bought yesterday is not expensive.(2): The man that / who lives next to me sells vegetables.(3): That is the house where they lived last year.(4): Xiaoming still remembers the day whenhe first came

3、 to Guangzhou.这些斜体部分的句子就是定语从句。我们把在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的句子称之为定语从句。上面四句中的book, man, house, day是定语从句被修饰的词, 叫作先行词，用来引导从句的that, which, who 叫作关系代词（一般情况下，定语从句放在先行词后面），where, when 叫作关系副词。1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose

4、, as等； 关系副词有when, where, why等 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。 2. 替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 例：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 分析：该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，在定语从句中代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 注意：弄清楚关

5、系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。找出下列定语从句的先行词和关系词：Do you know the girl who is standing there?Tom is the person with whom I am working.This is the town where I was born.I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my suggestion.This picture which was about the accident was terrible. A plane is a mach

6、ine that can fly in the sky.A、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by m

7、ost boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I dont like stories that/which have unh

8、appy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesnt fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：The house whose win

9、dows are broken is empty.The house the windows of which are broken is empty. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the

10、same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。练习：选择1. In my school, Ive become good friends with several of the studentsI met in the English speech contes

11、t last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which2. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. Whose3. Such signs _we use in the experiment are Greek letters. A. who B. as C. which D. that4. The apples _fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs. A

12、. which B./ C. that D. they填空5. Eventually, they realize that university classes cant be the only preparation for all of the different situations (34) _ appear in the working world.6. The Boston study was first aimed at helping babies (40)_ skin is too delicate for standard band-aids.7. People (40)

13、_ visit California get a special rush from going to Mount Lee in Santa Monica and seeing the famous Hollywood sign, a lasting symbol of the American film and television industries.8. The orchestra began and he played with such passion and such power and such purity(27) _ they had never heard before.

14、9. Well go to the hospital to see the patients, most of _are children.10. I went to the place _ I talkedabout ten years ago.翻译11. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for-nothing.12. It s the first step that costs.13. A man who neglects his studies in youth will regr

15、et it in later years.”14. 不到长城非好汉。_15. 家乡不再是过去的样子。(as) _16. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。(whose) _17. 我总是对那些在我失意时安慰我的人心存感激。（grateful） _B、关系副词引导的定语从句1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was fou