人民币升值对纺织服装出口的影响外文翻译文献Word格式文档下载.docx

1、人民币升值对纺织服装出口的影响外文翻译文献#人民币升值对纺织服装出口的影响外文翻译文献# （文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译）#Trade liberalization and patterns of strategic#adjustment in the US textiles and clothing industry#Belay Seyoum#U.S.A.#The overall environment facing the US TC industry will be one of rapidly changing market conditions and technologic

2、al innovation. With the phase out of quotas and growing number of trade agreements, the US TC industry is being exposed to intense competition in export and domestic markets. This is likely to lead domestic industries/labor to demand intervention by national governments to mitigate the adverse impac

3、t of trade liberalization .#Chinese leaders have expressed strong opposition to outside pressure on their currency policy, calling it a form of protectionism and interference in Chinas domestic economic policy, and some have even questioned whether the currency is undervalued at all. However, on Jun

4、e 19, 2010, the Chinese central bank, the Peoples Bank of China （PBC） stated that, based on current economic conditions, it had decided to “proceed further with reform of the RMB exchange rate regime and to enhance the RMB exchange rate flexibility.” It ruled out any large one-time revaluations, sta

5、ting “it is important to avoid any sharp and massive fluctuations of the RMB exchange rate,” in part so that Chinese corporations could more easily adjust （such as through upgrading） to an appreciation of the currency. Many observers contend the timing of the RMB announcement was intended in part to

6、 prevent Chinas currency policy from being a central focus of the G-20 summit in Toronto from June 26-27, 2010.#On June 22, 2010, the RMB appreciated by 0.43% against the dollar （to 6.80 yuan） over the previous day, which, at the time, was the largest daily rise since reforms were implemented in Jul

7、y 2005. However, on the following day （June 23） it depreciated to 6.81 yuan. As indicated in Figure 3, the yuans exchange rate with the dollar has gone up and down over the past few months, but overall, it has appreciated by 1.9% through October 1, 2010, with most of that appreciation occurring in S

8、eptember. 3 Some analysts contend that the appreciation of the currency in September 2010 has had more to do with Chinese concerns over possible congressional action on the currency than economic considerations.#In spite of the substantial job losses, the US TC industry remains technologically advan

9、ced partly due to increased productivity resulting from advances in technology and design capabilities. Textile production is capital intensive and modern technology is essential to meet the increasing for high-quality products. Over the last few years, US textiles and apparel firms have substantial

10、ly increased their investment to maintain modern manufacturing facilities as well as improve production and marketing capabilities in order to maximize their inherent advantages to market proximity. In apparel, low skill production jobs have moved to low-cost locations offshore while the more skille

11、d ones have been retained. To successfully adapt to the new environment, US TC industries need to capitalize on their sources of competitive advantage. They need to develop a more flexible operational arrangement, meet high standards in product innovation and generally develop a more change-seeking

12、business culture （Kilduff, 2005）.#An important survival tool for US TC firms is to expand their potential market by offering new product designs and product categories. Manufacturers must try to bring a steady stream of products to market that are in line with the taste, preferences of the consumer.

13、 They can also expand their market potential by offering new product categories. Two of the fastest growing apparel segments in the US, for example, have been the womens plus and mens big and tall segments （Driscoll, 2004）. Plus-size apparel marketing was estimated at $47 billion in 2005 accounting

14、for 20% of total apparel market. It is important to identify the firms target customers and assess whether the firm is successfully addressing their needs.#US TC firms should target a narrow segment of the market that provides the best opportunity for success. In textiles, the focus should be on a f

15、ew specialized segments such as carpets, nonwovens and technical textiles. Similarly, apparel producers should increase their focus on core products, reduce vertical integration to shed overhead costs, and establish alliances with other firms to consolidate resources and increase market share.#Final

16、ly, in view of rising incomes and high growth rates in many developing countries such as China, Brazil, and India, there are potential export market opportunities for US textile and apparel products. US export interests may be served by seeking improved access to the retail distribution systems of developing countries. US textile firms should also be able to use Mexico to export to the European Union and other countries, taking advantage of the Mexico-EU trade agreem