过去完成时教学导案文档格式.docx

1、授课标题过去完成时学习目标1.通过与一般过去时的比较，导入过去完成时的概念。2.使学生正确理解和掌握过去完成时的概念结构和用法。重点难点过去完成时的用法。授课内容【专题导入】原句：An apple a day, keeps the doctor away. ate an appleslept-|- |-|- Had eaten an apple slept now定从：I had eaten an apple before I slept. （After I had eaten an apple, I slept.）【考点梳理】一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时（past per

2、fect tense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。-|- |-|-那时以前 那时 现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。其中 had 通用于各种人称。 E.g. I had reached the station before 9：00 oclock. I had not reached the station before 9： Had you reached the station

3、before 9：clock？（思考如何回答）二、用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 这个过去的时间状语有by, by the time of ,等介词短语或者是when，before，after等引导的从句。如： 由by, by the end of, by then 等引导的状语从句。 By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 翻译：昨夜十点钟之前他已经上床睡觉了。 He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. 由when，before，after等引导的从句。They had alr

4、eady finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.（当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教师） 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。，表示在谈话或产生某种想法之前发生的事情。例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁没关门。I thought I had sent the letter a week before

5、. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for 或since 等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。三、过去完成时-语法判定根据“标志”由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： by ， by the end of ，by

6、 then, 或者when，after， before 等引导的状语从句。以及句子中会出现的already,just,once等词语。也会有for或sinceI met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 注意：我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示过去先发生的事件，因为有时句意非常清楚。before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。 After

7、he had finished his homework, he went to bed./After I finished my work, I went home. After he closed the door, he left the classroom.动作的顺序往往十分清楚时，我们通常用一般过去时表示依次发生的事件。I got out of the taxi, paid the fare, tipped the driver and dashed into the station.【经典例题】1. He _ in Shanghai University for four year

8、s before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, wentC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone解析：他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。2.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had wri

9、tten, had left D. were writing, had left答案D。 “把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when代表时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于”这一背景下， when所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to解析：小培说她去了海南三个月 have been to 和have gone

10、to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的had been in. 应选B.（教师版打印，学生版解析不打印）【举一反三】一、单选 1 When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother _already_to hospital.A has； been sent B had； sent C has； D had； been sent 2 We _five English songs by the end of last term.A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learn

11、ed 3 Han Mei told me she _lunch， so she was very hungry.A has had B hasnt have C have had D hadnt had 4 By the end of 1976， many buildings _built in the city.A have been B have C had been D will 5 She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.A has left； comes B had left； wo

12、uld come C had left； came D left； had come 6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink.A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying 7 The meeting _when Mr. Wang _to school. A has begun；get B has been on； C had begun；got D had been on； （答案：1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A

13、 7 C） 【回顾与反思】做题时常见错误如下：一、had形式易写错例：例：He hads （have） gone home when I got to his office.答案：hadhave/has 的过去式都为had， had 在过去完成时中也是助动词，不能再有单三人称的变化。二、易与现在完成时弄混He asked what I have （have） said.现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果。而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。三、易与一般过去时弄混She lived （live） in New York for eight years before he came to China.had lived一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。课后作业 授课教师： 2016 年 月 日 时 时 完全掌握