届高考英语二轮复习第2部分专题1追本溯源突破阅读理解Word格式文档下载.docx

1、三、试题设置：题型稳定化，考查复杂化高考阅读理解的题型一直比较稳定，分为五大题型：一是细节理解题，考查范围最广；二是主旨大意题，包括主要内容（main idea）概括和标题（title）归纳；三是推理判断题；四是词义猜测题，包括词义题、句意题和指代题；五是篇章结构题。第一节考点点拨话策略1带着问题，速读全文首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题；其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。【典例】（2016高考全国乙卷阅读理解A）Jane Addams

2、 （ 18601935 ）Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community （社区） by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to

3、 win the Nobel Peace Prize.21What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer teaching skills.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.（任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams

4、）可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，与A项相符。文中未提及her teaching skills（她的教学技能），只是谈到了promoting education（促进教育），故B项与文章不符；Jane Addams获得了诺贝尔和平奖，但她不是因努力去获奖而出名的，根本上还是因为她做的社会工作，而且她也并非为了获奖才付出努力，故C项错误；是她的社会工作，以及她鼓励的社区感让她出名；D项Her community background.（她的社区背景）与此不相符。2找准主题句，确定中心思想每篇文章均讲述一个主题，不管它有几个段落，它们都围绕着一个中心思想。确定了中心思想

5、，即抓住了关键。随后搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干、确定好答案。【典例】（2015高考全国卷阅读理解B）1Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for

6、 you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.28What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs Your House Making You Fat?BWays of Serving DinnerCEffects of SelfConsciousnessDIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?答案及剖析：A通过首段最后一句可知整篇文章属于总分结构，第一段就是文章的主题段。段落中的关键

7、词Your house，pounds，diet对应了正确选项A中的your house，fat。3精准推理，深层理解深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（归纳中心思想、加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。高考全国卷阅读理解D）2A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldnt

8、seem more unFrench.But Lehannes psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: Its trying to help the citys troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger generations desire to spe

9、nd more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening.33How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?AThey are less frequently visited.BThey stay open for longer

10、 hours.CThey have bigger night crowds.DThey start to serve fast food.A根据题干关键信息词French lifestyle changes可以定位到第二段。由Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger generations desire to spend more time at home.可知，这些年来

11、，巴黎人的咖啡馆已经沦为受害者，因为法国人的生活方式发生了改变，例如工作时间的加长、快餐的出现以及年轻人渴望在家里度过更多的时间。由此可以推断出人们来咖啡馆的次数减少了。故选项A正确。B、C两项所述恰恰是咖啡馆人气更旺的表现，与文章内容不符；D项是对a fastfood boom的误解。4猜词悟义，清除阅读障碍在做阅读理解题时，常常会遇到不认识的单词、看不懂的句子等。这时考生不要紧张，而应运用学过的语言知识，通过逻辑思维，去推断出此单词和整个句子的含义。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义、句意。高考全国乙卷阅读理解C）I am Peter

12、 Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courierSince March 2012，Ive done 89 tripsof those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells （干细胞） in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor （捐献者） to the time th

13、ey can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.29Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?AproviderBdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor选B。词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的Ive done 89 trips以及.from the time the stem cells are harves

14、ted from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours .可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人，运送有严格的时间限制，故B项“送货员”与之相符合。其他三项的意思：provider供应者；collector收集者，收藏家；medical doctor医生。5重叠选项，定位答案通过题干返回原文，判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。注意要有选一个答案的理由和不选其余三个的理由。正确答案的特征：（1）正确答案经常与中心思想有关。（2）正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。（3）正确答案经常运用的原则：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。（4）从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。例如：can，may，might，possible，not necessarily，some。（5）正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。高考全国卷阅读理解D）Tour CWindsor Castle & Hampton Court