国外口译笔记符号图例Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、inflationindustrydeficitsurpluslook forward tochangewant toneedknowcontinuedecidejoinproposelisten/hearlead to, causesaypromiseattackagreethankson the one handalways （toujours in French）.on the other handuntilon behalf offrom that time onas opposed tobeforerecentlymore than/less thanallanynowsimilar

2、endstartOrganic symbolsWhen we talk about ORGANIC SYMBOLS we mean simply that one symbol is taken as the root for several related symbols. The most obvious example is the underlining. You can underline any symbol to add emphasis big . bigYou can also double underline, draw a squiggly line or a dotte

3、d line underneath a symbol or word denote differing degrees of emphasis or certainty. There is a system for noting verbs that ties in with this idea.verb tensesworkg| |w魊k workingworkedwill workwould workHere are some more examples of one symbol giving rise to several more. al national （adjective） a

4、lly Nationally ze to nationalize tn nationalisation o national （noun）, citizen return, come back, reverse, regress rise, increase, grow, climb etc. fall, decline, slide, slip, drop, shrink, exchange, relations, lead to, consequence of, therefore continue, ?o:ppleased. annoyed, unhappy, unimpressed,

5、etc. very unhappy, disgusted, etc to think to know, （for me, the straight line denotes certainty, in comparison to the squiggly line for 搕o think?） The circle can also be used to denote a person who is associated with that symbols meaning. This can be done by adding a raised circle to another symbol

6、. citizen econ Economy econ o economist E Energy E o energy expert, supplier, Policy politician that, which o who Where to find symbolsYou can get your symbols from anywhere that suits you.as long as you stick to some basic RULES. Here are a few ideas. Only use these symbols if they click in your mi

7、nd, dont just use them because youve seen them here. You dont have to use the meanings assigned them here either. Symbols should be instantly associated FOR YOU with the meaning you give them. Maths=+Punctuation marks!（）:Vehicle registrationsDDAUKCHF（beware of mixing up China & Switzerland, or Polan

8、d and Portugal）Short words in other languagessohitaok/ boale juz/dejaergoetc /peroCurrencies$ Y L Periodic tableFe Na Po Ag CO2 CO NO2 H3SO4What to note - Lederer/Seleskovitch1. The ideas. The essence. A single symbol or word can represent an entire idea. 2. Fulcra. Causality, consequence, links etc

9、. and the relation of the ideas to one another in time. 3. Transcodable terms. Words than must be repeated rather than deverbalised and interpreted. 4. Numbers. Note the numbers immediately, interrupting whatever you are noting to note the number as they cannot be remembered from context and noted l

10、ater as ideas can. 5. Proper names. If you dont know a name, note it phonetically and see if you can work out how to say it properly in your target language later. If you cant then substitute a generic like the UK delegate rather than mangling the name. 6. Technical terms. Specific to the context of

11、 the speech. 7. Lists. Lists of words which are not integral parts of the sentences in which they are held overload the memory. So note them. 8. The first sentence of each new idea should be noted with particular care. This does not mean verbatim but with care. 9. LAST sentence of the speech should

12、be noted with particular care. 10. Striking usage. If the speaker uses a word or expression that stands out he has probably used it deliberately and will want it to appear in the interpretation. What to note - Taylor-BouladonMost beginners tend to write down too much but with experience you will see that your memory is better than you think and a few clear notes are infinitely preferable to a whole page of notes written so fast you cant read them back.As to what you should note, W. Keiser suggests the following:l. Always ideas, arguments,