曼哈顿GMAT系列SC笔记Word下载.docx

1、 right: The court declared that Jack must pay full damages Wrong: The court declared that Jack should pay full damagesexplanation: on the GMAT exam, the word” should” only mean “moral obligation”, something the court cannot impose.2. Place your words3. Match your words （主语和谓语在一起要有意义）4. Avoid Redunda

2、ncy a. GMAT考试中很常见的一种累赘错误是在一个句子中使用了两个意思重复的词语。例如：The value of the stock rose by a 10% increase . Right: The value of the stock rose by 10% b. 要注意时间的表达词语。尤其是当一个时间表达未被划线，或者两个表达相同时间的词语看起来不同练习：1. （choose word） No matter how much work it may require, getting a MBA degree turns out to be a wise investment.

3、替换：Even though it requires much work, 解析：原句要表达的意思是，不论主语花费的工作量有多大，它都是一个明智的投资 （may是关键词）； 而替换句中把may去掉，意思变为“即使它要求很大工作量，它是一个明智的投资。因此替换句改变了原句的意思。Tip: 当划线句中有情态动词时，必须格外注意，如果选项中没有对应意思的情态动词，那么一般为错选。2. （place word）The driver took the people for a ride who had been waiting. 替换：the people who had been waiting fo

4、r a ride.解析：虽然替换句更正了原句中who指代不明的情况，但是却改变了作者的意思。正确修改为：The people who had been waiting were taken for a ride by the driver. 3. （choose word）Rising costs to raw materials may impel us to rise prices farther costs of raw materials may impale us to raise prices further.将”to” 换为”of”正确, 表示raw material花费的钱；r

5、aise替换rise正确，raise后面直接跟宾语，而rise通常用在没有直接宾语的语境中，如interest rose in May. 将farther替换为further正确，farther指距离，further指某事的程度;然而，用impale替换impel是错误的，impale表示将某物钉在某物上4.（place word） She is the most dedicated gardener on the block, every day watering the more than 50 plants in her yard.every day watering more than

6、 the 50 plants in her yard.原句的more than修饰50 plants，而替换句中more than 提到the 50 plants前面，意思变为：她不仅仅watering，而且还做其他的工作。9. Electronic devices can distract driver. 10. Many directors suspect that managers are attempting to conceal the extent of losses at the company. （累赘表达为have the suspicion, are suspicious

7、about） 11. They are ready for whatever may happen. （ in readiness） 12. The senator read her speech hastily.（赘述为in haste, with haste.）13. A tasty cake will not last long in a room full of hungry children. （赘述为A cake that is tasty will not last for a long time in a room full of children who are hungry

8、）技巧：主谓一致和代词最容易辨别，所以有些情况下能帮助迅速判断选项二、Subject and Verb -Agreement1. 只有and可以使单数名词变为复数，其他的additive phrases （如 along with, together with, in addition to, as well as, accompanied by） 无此功能。 Eg: There are a desk and a toy around the corner2. Neithernor 和either or 采用就近原则3. GMAT中，collective nouns（集合名词）almost a

9、lways singular4. Indefinite pronouns: usually singular. 以one, -thing, -body, 结尾的都是单三5. Subject phrase and clauses: always singular. Doing it means a lot to me. 6. 三、Parallelism 平行结构a. Definition: the comparable sentence must be structurally and logically similar.b. By spotting Parallel Markers to kn

10、ow whether one sentence requires a parallelism. Markers Structures ExamplesAnd X and YBothand Both X and YOr X or YEither or Either X or YNotbut Not X but YNot only but alsoRather than X rather than YFrom to From X to YAnd, But, Or are the most important markersc. And. 注意事项 If you join 2 clauses wit

11、h and, you can put an optional comma before the and. Doing so is especially recommended when the clauses are long, independent, or both. I really like candy, and I eat them often. Treat any linking verbs as parallelism markers. Make the subject and object paralleld. Parallelism Elements1. 主句的谓语动词可以引

12、发一系列单词，第二个平行结构的be动词和介词可以省略比如， 1. He wants to clean the house, wash cloth, and go shopping. 2. Cities are stressing the arts as a means to greater economic development and investing millions of dollars in cultural activities. 3. The railroad can either lose more money or solve its problems. 4. 从句平行这类

13、结构必须从从句的连接词开始,以消除歧义比如，After I retire, I want to live in place where I can breath clean air and where the tax is low. e. Certain idioms demand parallelism as a result of their structure. f. Superficial Parallelism vs. Actual Parallelism 在将一个语法结构化成（结构）平行前，必须先搞清楚其各要素在逻辑上是否平行。例如，Joy dedicates himself in

14、 new job, going to work early, lunching regularly, and leaving office lately. Going, lunching, 和 leaving 是对dedicates的一个解释说明,其逻辑主语为Joy。 根据这个句子的meaning, 不能将dedicate 和后面三个动词当成是一系列并列平行的动作。Problem Set 1. Researchers have found a correlation between exercise and good grades.2. Although we were sitting in

15、the bleachers, the baseball game was as exciting to us as to the people 3. Many teachers choose to seek employment in the suburbs rather than face low salaries in the city4. A good nights sleep not only gives your body a chance to rest, but also energizes you.5. The joint business venture will increase employee satisfaction and improve r