曼哈顿GMAT系列SC笔记Word下载.docx
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right:
ThecourtdeclaredthatJackmustpayfulldamages
Wrong:
ThecourtdeclaredthatJackshouldpayfulldamages
explanation:
ontheGMATexam,theword”should”onlymean“moralobligation”,somethingthecourtcannotimpose.
2.Placeyourwords
3.Matchyourwords(主语和谓语在一起要有意义)
4.AvoidRedundancy
a.GMAT考试中很常见的一种累赘错误是在一个句子中使用了两个意思重复的词语。
例如:
Thevalueofthestockrosebya10%increase.
Right:
Thevalueofthestockroseby10%
b.要注意时间的表达词语。
尤其是当一个时间表达未被划线,或者两个表达相同时间的词语看起来不同
练习:
1.(chooseword)Nomatterhowmuchworkitmayrequire,gettingaMBAdegreeturnsouttobeawiseinvestment.
替换:
Eventhoughitrequiresmuchwork,
解析:
原句要表达的意思是,不论主语花费的工作量有多大,它都是一个明智的投资(may是关键词);
而替换句中把may去掉,意思变为“即使它要求很大工作量,它是一个明智的投资。
因此替换句改变了原句的意思。
Tip:
当划线句中有情态动词时,必须格外注意,如果选项中没有对应意思的情态动词,那么一般为错选。
2.(placeword)Thedrivertookthepeopleforaridewhohadbeenwaiting.
替换:
thepeoplewhohadbeenwaitingforaride.
解析:
虽然替换句更正了原句中who指代不明的情况,但是却改变了作者的意思。
正确修改为:
Thepeoplewhohadbeenwaitingweretakenforaridebythedriver.
3.(chooseword)Risingcoststorawmaterialsmayimpelustorisepricesfarther
costsofrawmaterialsmayimpaleustoraisepricesfurther.
将”to”换为”of”正确,表示rawmaterial花费的钱;
raise替换rise正确,raise后面直接跟宾语,而rise通常用在没有直接宾语的语境中,如interestroseinMay.将farther替换为further正确,farther指距离,further指某事的程度;
然而,用impale替换impel是错误的,impale表示将某物钉在某物上
4.(placeword)Sheisthemostdedicatedgardenerontheblock,everydaywateringthemorethan50plantsinheryard.
everydaywateringmorethanthe50plantsinheryard.
原句的morethan修饰50plants,而替换句中morethan提到the50plants前面,意思变为:
她不仅仅watering,而且还做其他的工作。
9.Electronicdevicescandistractdriver.
10.Manydirectorssuspectthatmanagersareattemptingtoconcealtheextentoflossesatthecompany.(累赘表达为havethesuspicion,aresuspiciousabout)
11.Theyarereadyforwhatevermayhappen.(inreadiness)
12.Thesenatorreadherspeechhastily.(赘述为inhaste,withhaste.)
13.Atastycakewillnotlastlonginaroomfullofhungrychildren.
(赘述为Acakethatistastywillnotlastforalongtimeinaroomfullofchildrenwhoarehungry)
技巧:
主谓一致和代词最容易辨别,所以有些情况下能帮助迅速判断选项
二、SubjectandVerb---Agreement
1.只有and可以使单数名词变为复数,其他的additivephrases(如alongwith,togetherwith,inadditionto,aswellas,accompaniedby)无此功能。
Eg:
Thereareadeskandatoyaroundthecorner
2.Neither…nor和eitheror采用就近原则
3.GMAT中,collectivenouns(集合名词)almostalwayssingular
4.Indefinitepronouns:
usuallysingular.以–one,-thing,-body,结尾的都是单三
5.Subjectphraseandclauses:
alwayssingular.
Doingitmeansalottome.
6.
三、Parallelism平行结构
a.Definition:
thecomparablesentencemustbestructurallyandlogicallysimilar.
b.ByspottingParallelMarkerstoknowwhetheronesentencerequiresaparallelism.
MarkersStructuresExamples
AndXandY
Both…andBothXandY
OrXorY
EitherorEitherXorY
Not…butNotXbutY
Notonlybutalso
RatherthanXratherthanY
FromtoFromXtoY
And,But,Orarethemostimportantmarkers
c.And.注意事项Ifyoujoin2clauseswithand,youcanputanoptionalcommabeforetheand.
Doingsoisespeciallyrecommendedwhentheclausesarelong,independent,orboth.
Ireallylikecandy,andIeatthemoften.
Treatanylinkingverbsasparallelismmarkers.Makethesubjectandobjectparallel
d.ParallelismElements
1.主句的谓语动词可以引发一系列单词,第二个平行结构的be动词和介词可以省略
比如,1.Hewantstocleanthehouse,washcloth,andgoshopping.
2.Citiesarestressingtheartsasameanstogreatereconomicdevelopmentandinvestingmillionsofdollarsinculturalactivities.
3.Therailroadcaneitherlosemoremoneyorsolveitsproblems.
4.从句平行这类结构必须从从句的连接词开始,以消除歧义
比如,AfterIretire,IwanttoliveinplacewhereIcanbreathcleanairandwherethetaxislow.
e.Certainidiomsdemandparallelismasaresultoftheirstructure.
f.SuperficialParallelismvs.ActualParallelism
在将一个语法结构化成(结构)平行前,必须先搞清楚其各要素在逻辑上是否平行。
例如,Joydedicateshimselfinnewjob,goingtoworkearly,lunchingregularly,andleavingofficelately.Going,lunching,和leaving是对dedicates的一个解释说明,其逻辑主语为Joy。
根据这个句子的meaning,不能将dedicate和后面三个动词当成是一系列并列平行的动作。
ProblemSet
1.Researchershavefoundacorrelationbetweenexerciseandgoodgrades.
2.Althoughweweresittinginthebleachers,thebaseballgamewasasexcitingtousastothepeople```````
3.Manyteacherschoosetoseekemploymentinthesuburbsratherthanfacelowsalariesinthecity
4.Agoodnight’ssleepnotonlygivesyourbodyachancetorest,butalsoenergizesyou.
5.Thejointbusinessventurewillincreaseemployeesatisfactionandimprover