最新生物化学常用专业术语中英文对照汇编手册Word下载.docx

1、生物分子biomolecular 糖carbohydrate脂lipid核酸nucleic acid蛋白质protein维生素vitamin酶enzyme辅酶coenzyme激素hormone核苷酸nucleotide氨基酸amino acid葡萄糖glucose 单糖monosaccharide 双糖disaccharide脂肪酸fatty acid克隆技术cloning克隆clone糖 类（carbohydrate）糖carbohydrate/saccharide糖生物学glycobiology醛糖aldose酮糖ketose单糖monosaccharide寡/低聚糖oligosaccha

2、ride二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide多糖polysaccharide复合糖compoud/complex saccharide链状结构chain structure构型configuration构象conformation异构isomerism对映体enanthiomer果糖fructose半乳糖galactose甘露糖mannose环状结构ring structure异头物anomer不对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom投影式Fischer式透视式Haworth式椅式构象chain form船式构象boat form旋光性optical ac

3、tivity比旋光度specific rotation变旋性mutarotation甜度sweetness 半缩醛hemiacetal醛糖酸aldonic acid还原糖reducing sugar醛糖二酸aldaric acid糖醛酸uronic acid糖苷glycoside糖脎osazone/phenylosazone糠醛furfural蒽酮anthroneN-乙酰葡糖胺 NAG N-乙酰-胞壁酸 NAM蔗糖sucrose麦芽糖maltose乳糖lactose淀粉starch 糖原glycogen纤维素cellulose壳多糖（几丁质）chitin琼脂agar支链淀粉amylopecti

4、n直链淀粉amylose肽聚糖peptidoglycan粘肽mucopeptide氨基糖肽glycoaminopeptide磷壁酸teichoic acid软骨素4-或6-硫chondroitin 4-or 6-sulfate,CS脂多糖lipopolysaccharide糖蛋白glycoprotein透明质酸hyaluronic acid,HA肝素heparin,HP 蛋白聚糖proteoglycan硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate,DS硫酸角质素keratan suIfate,KS核心蛋白core protein连接蛋白link protein糖胺聚糖/粘多糖glycosamin

5、oglycan/mucopolysaccharide胞壁酸muramic acid神经氨酸neuraminic acid淀粉酶amylase糊精odextrin磷酸化酶phosphrylase糖肽键glycopeptide linkag脂 质（lipid）单脂simple lipid复脂compound lipid衍生脂质derived lipid脂肪酸fatty acid,FA饱和脂肪酸saturated FA 不饱和脂肪unsaturated FA单不饱和脂肪酸monounsaturated FA多不饱和脂肪酸polyunsaturated FA乳化emulsification微团mice

6、lle离子型去污剂（乳化剂）ionic detergent三脂triester甘油glycerol Sn命名法Stereospecific Numbering酰基甘油acylglycerol 三酰甘油triacylglycerol,TG甘油三脂triglyceride命名法nomenclature乙酰（化）值/价acetylation value酸值/酸价acid value加成反应addition reaction碘值/碘价iodine number or value皂化值saponification value磷脂phospholipid甘油磷酯glycerophospholipid微囊v

7、esicle磷脂酶phospholipase磷酸甘油脂phosphoglyceride鞘氨醇sphingosine鞘（氨醇）磷脂sphingomyelin神经酰胺ceramide 鞘磷脂sphingomyelin糖脂glucolipid/glycolipin 鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid蜡wax过氧化作用peroxidation磷脂酰胆碱/卵磷脂lecithin磷脂酰乙醇胺/脑磷脂cephalin双磷脂酰甘油/心磷脂cardiolipin萜terpene类固醇/甾醇steroid胆固醇cholesterol蛋白质（protein）化

8、学蛋白质protein,pr蛋白水解酶proteolytic enzyme蛋白酶proteinase胰蛋白酶trypsin糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胃蛋白酶pepsin嗜热菌蛋白酶themolysin氨基酸amino acid,AA等电点isoelectric point,pI标准氨基酸standard amino acid甘氨酸glycine,Gly,G丙氨酸alanine,Ala,A缬氨酸 valine,Val,V亮氨酸lucine,Leu,L异亮氨酸 isoleucine,Ile,I丝氨酸serine,Ser,S苏氨酸threonine,Thr,T半胱氨酸cysteine,Cys,

9、C甲硫/蛋氨酸methionine,Met,M谷氨酸glutamic acid,Glu,E谷氨酰胺glutamine,Gln,Q天冬氨酸aspartic acid,Asp,D天冬酰胺asparagine,Asn,N 赖氨酸lysine,Lys,K精氨酸arginine,Arg,R组氨酸histidine,His,H脯氨酸proline,Pro,P苯丙氨酸phenylalanine,Phe,F 色氨酸tryptophan,Trp,W酪氨酸tyrosine,Tyr,Y2,4一二硝基氟苯DNFB苯异硫氰酸酯PITC苯硫乙内酰脲AA PTH-AA苯氨基硫甲酰AA PTC-AA坂口反应Sakaguchi

10、反应乙醛酸反应Hopking-Cole反应肽键peptide bond二硫硝基苯甲酸DTNB （Ellman试剂） 谷胱甘肽（GSH ,Glu-Cys-Gly）肽（链）peptide chain酚试剂反应Folin-Cioculteu反应氨肽酶amino peptidase羧肽酶carboxypeptidase真正单键pure single bond二面角dihedral angle帽化capping部分双键的性质partial double-bond character一级结构 primary structure 二级结构 secondary structure 三级结构tertiary s

11、tructure四级结构quaternary structure二级结构元件 secondary structrue element螺旋helix-螺旋-Helix氢键hydrogen bond疏水作用hydrophobic interaction范德华力van der Waals force-折叠-pleated sheet亚基/亚单位subunit自由回转/无规卷曲random coil结构域structural domain次级键（非共价键）noncovalent bond肌红蛋白myoglobin,Mb对称性symmetry超二级结构（花式）Super-secondary struct

12、ure 肽链peptide chain多肽polypeptide活性肽active peptide-角蛋白-keratin丝心蛋白fibroin 胶原蛋白collagen血红蛋白hemoglobin,Hb别构作用allosteric interaction别构效应allosteric effect别构蛋白allosteric protein协同效应cooperative effect二磷酸甘油酸BPG核糖核酸酶ribonuclease, RNase-转角-turn（-弯曲-bend,-回折或发夹结构hairpin structure）纸层析filter-paper chromatography离子交换层析ion-exchange column chromatography简单/纯蛋白质simple protein缀合蛋白质conjugated protein纤维状蛋白质fibrous protein球状蛋白质globular protein二硫键disulfide bond对角线电泳diagonal electrophoresis氨基酸残基