新概念第一册知识点总结讲解文档格式.docx

1、4） 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，多数变 f 为 v 加 es: wives, knives.但有些词只加 s:5） 以 o 结尾的名词，有些加 es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. 其它加 s: radios, 6） 不规则名词： footfeet,goosegeese,toothteeth,childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep, deerdeer, mousemice.代词第 一 人 称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人主 格Iweyouyouhesheitthey代宾 格meusy

2、ouyouhimheritthem词物形 容主词性代名 词词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirsI. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式 .主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语.Eg:a.Im a nurse.b.Could you help me ?II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.形容词性的物主代词 :相当于形容词 ,后面要跟名词 ,指定名词的所属对象.名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词.a. Your school is small,

3、 mine is big.（=my school）b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.（=your pen）时态一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week （day, year, month）, once a week, on Sundays基本结构：be 动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesnt，同时还原行为动词

4、。一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。My father is a doctor. Tom isnt at home.Are they policemen?I often get up at 7 oclock every morning. He doesnt like apples.Do you always read before going to bed? What do you usually do on Sundays?一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化规则如下：1） 一般情况

5、下，动词后面直接加-s. 例如：works gets says reads2） 以 s，x ，ch，sh 或o 结尾的动词，在后面加-es 。 例如：goes teaches washes3） 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词，把y 变为i 再加-es. 例如：studies tries carries特殊情况：动词have 的第三人称单数是has 。例如：He has an interesting book.二、一般过去时：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week（ye

6、ar, night, month）, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time, .was/were+not;在行为动词前加 didnwas 或 were 放于句首；用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问， 同时还原行为动词。I was at my mothers last week.Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White. Lucy went to America fi

7、ve months ago.I didnt go to the cinema last night. Did Lily dance at the party?What did you do yesterday?动词的过去式变化：be 动词：am/is-wasare-were规则动词：1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写

8、结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。stopstopped, triptripped4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先把 y 变成 i，再加-ed。studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词：Have-hadeat-atedrink-drankgo-wentcome-camesee-saw hear-heardput-putcut-cut 等等三、现在进行时：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作及行为。now, at this time, these days, am/is/are+doingam/is/are+not+do

9、ing.把 be 动词放于句首。They are playing basketball on the playground. I am not reading anything.Is he waiting for the bus? What are you doing now?动词 ing 形式的变化规则：1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ingwork - workingsleep - sleepingstudystudying2 动词以不发音的e 结尾，要去e 加ingtake - takingmake - makingdancedancing3 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加ing

10、cut - cuttingput - puttingbegin beginning4 以ie 结尾的动词，把变成 y 再加inglie - lyingtie - tyingdiedying四、过去进行时：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。was/were+doingwas/were + not + doing.把 was 或 were 放于句首。 I was listening to the radio at 7 this morning. He

11、 was cleaning the car when I arrived.What was he doing at this time yesterday?五、现在完成时：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。already, just,yet, since, for,.have/has + donehave/has + not +done.have 或 has。He has lost his wallet.I have already had my lunch.David hasnt finished his homework yet. H

12、ave you seen this film?Mary has been a translator for 20 years. They have lived here since 1987.How long have you lived here?动词过去分词变化规则：规则动词的过去分词变化规则与过去式变化规则相同，包括4条。3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。需要特殊记忆。Be 动词-beenhave-hadgo-gonecome-comeeat-eatendrink-drunk等等六、过去完成时：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。before, after.had + done.had + not + done.had 放于句首。The bus had already left before I arrived at the station. He went to the park after he had finished his work.七、一般将来时：表示将要