1、APOIBE!,Credits:Mathies Lab,UC-Berkeley Quake Lab,StanfordAgilent,Inc.,二十一世纪科学发展趋势,MiniaturizationAutomationIntegrationPortable,Lab on a Chip?,Microfluidics,Microfluidics:The use of microfabrication techniques from the IC industry to fabricate channels,chambers,reactors,and active components on the
2、size scale of the width of a human hair or smaller,Credit:Dr.Karen Cheung,UBC ECE,Why use microfluidics?,Credit:Dr.Karen Cheung,UBC ECE1 molecule in 1 mL=1.6 x 10-18 M1 molecule in 1 nL=1.6 x 10-15 M1 molecule in 1 pL=1.6 x 10-12 M,Sample savings nL of enzyme,not mLFaster analyses can heat,cool smal
3、l volumes quicklyIntegration combine lots of steps onto a single deviceNovel physics diffusion,surface tension,and surface effects dominate This can actually lead to faster reactions!,Why use microfluidics?,1-3 min/12 samples,Microchip electrophoresis1-3 minMulti-channel microchip electrophoresis,Hi
4、gh voltage,buffer,sample,capillary,10-30 min,Capillary electrophoresisseparationdetection,buffer,1-3,Gel electrophoresis,Some interesting LOC applications,Genetic analysisPortable devices for pathogen detectionHigh-throughput biologyChemical synthesisCellImmunoassay analysisMetabolite analysisDrug d
5、elivery systemsSingle molecularEnzyme analysis,Courtesy of Dr.Boris Stoeber,Genetic analysis microsystems,96-channel radial capillary array electrophoresis microplate,Anal Chem.1999;71(23):5354-61,Food poisoning,Bacterial PathogensWound infections,Biowarfare,Food poisoning:Pathogenic E.coli:1 in 10,
6、000 in CanadaSalmonella spp.:as high as 1 in 50 eggs,Wound infections:Antibiotic-resistant S.aureus:as high as 50%Lung Disease:Pseudomonas spp.Mycobacterium tuberculosisBiowarfare:Anthrax,plague,smallpox,Lung Disease,Dr.Sharon Peacock,University of Oxford,Methods for Genetic Detection of Pathogens,O
7、LD WAY:,NEW WAY:Develop bacterial pathogen detectors that are:,Rapid(1 hour)General(many different types of pathogens)Sensitive(detect a single cell)Genetically SpecificField-portable,PCR-CE Microsystem Fabrication,Portable System for Infectious Disease Detection,System measures 8 x 10 x 12 inches,C
8、omplete fluorescence detection including 488-nm solid-state laser,PMT,optics,and detection electronicsHeater and RTD electronics4 high-voltage CE power suppliesPDMS microvalve hardwareSimple PC interface,Time(seconds),rature C),Thermal Cycling Characteristics,Time(seconds)5X faster than conventional
9、 thermal cyclers,Application:Tuberculosis(TB)detection,Disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis9 million new cases of active TB every year worldwide 2 million TB deaths every year450,000 new cases of multi-drug resistant TB/yr10%of TB cases in South Africa are XDR TB strains,resistant to first-a
10、nd second-line antibioticsDoctors Without Borders:,Current TB detection methods,Fixation and staining with acid-fast stains(Ziehl-Neelsen or auramine stains)Optical or fluorescence microscope examination(10,000 organisms/mL)Culture in biosafety level 3 containment facilityIn select cases,molecular d
11、etection is used to verify diagnosisThat TB destroys millions of lives around the world every year shows that the current approach is just not workingThe tools we have to treat and diagnose TB arewoefully inadequate and outdated,and were not seeing the necessaryurgency to tackle the disease.Dr.Tido
12、von Schoen-Angerer,Director,DWBs Campaign for the Access to Essential Medicines,The Not-so-Distant Future,2008PDA2308?,Paramount,384根通道扫描检测,Emrich,C.A.,et al.,Analytical Chemistry,2002.74(19):p.5076-5083.,10根通道CCD同时检测,Dang,F.Q.,et al.,Analytical Chemistry,2005.77(7):p.2140-2146.,目前最高通量微流控芯片平台,Aborn,
13、J.H.,et al.,Lab on a Chip,2005.5(6):p.669-674,门控进样多通道检测,Xu,X.M.,et al.,Analytical Chemistry,2002.74(21):p.5517-5522,高通量均相免疫分析,Bromberg,A.and R.A.Mathies,Electrophoresis,2004.25(12):p.1895-1900,Microbes,cells and small organisms come in a wide array of shapes and sizesYeast,Blood Cells,cryptosporidiu
14、m,Lab-on-a-chip Devices for Cell Separation and Identification,Microfluidic or Lab-on-a-chip Devices can be used to separate different cell types,Various blood cell separations have been demonstrated:J.A.Davis,D.W.Inglis,K.M.Morton,D.A.Lawrence,L.R.Huang,S.Y.Chou,J.C.Sturm,andR.H.Austin,Deterministi
15、c hydrodynamics:taking blood apart,Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.(USA),vol.103,pp.14779-14784,2006.,D.W.Inglis,J.A.Davis,T.J.Zieziulewicz,D.A.Lawrence,R.H.Austin,and J.C.Sturm,Determining blood cell size using microuidic hydrodynamics,J.Immunol.Meth.,vol.329,pp.151-156,2008.D.W.Inglis,K.J.Morton,J.A.Davis,T.J.Z
16、ieziulewicz,D.A.Lawrence,R.H.Austin,and J.C.Sturm,Microfluidic device for label-free measurement of platelet activation,Submitted to Lab on a Chip,Jan 08.But no work yet with microorganisms!,This project will lead to publications which demonstrate the separation of microorganisms on portable inexpensive polymer microfluidic devices.,Such devices may have applications inearly detection of human diseases such as sepsis and various par
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1