【精品文档】437关于电气自动化PLC简介概述介绍有关的外文文献翻译成品：可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）的应用综述（中英文双语对照）文档格式.docx

1、本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！一辈子也就一次的事！外文标题：A review on the applications of programmable logic controllers （PLCs）外文作者：Ephrem Ryan Alphonsus , Mohammad Omar Abdullah文献出处: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60 （2019） 11851205 （如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做）英文4996单词，31840字符（字符就是印刷符），中文8000汉字。（如果字数多了，可自行删减，大多数学校都是要

2、求选取外文的一部分内容进行翻译的。）Abstract：As the need of automation increases significantly, a control system needs to be easily programmable, flexible, reliable, robust and cost effective. In this paper a review on the application of programmable logic controller （PLC） in our current market is discussed. Investig

3、ations on the applications of PLCs in energy research, engineering studies, industrial control applications and monitoring of plants are reviewed in this paper. PLCs do have its own limitations, but findings indicate that PLCs have more advantages than limitations. This paper concludes that PLCs can

4、 be used for any applications whether it is of simple or complicated control system.Keywords:PLC；Energy systems ；Industrial control； Monitoring1.IntroductionProgrammable logic controllers PLC are computer-based, solid-state, single processor devices that emulate the behavior of an electric ladder di

5、agram 1 capable of controlling many types of industrial equipment and entire automated systems 2. PLCs are usually a main part of automatic systems in industry 3. They are very efficient and reliable in applications involving sequential control and the synchronization of processes and auxiliary elem

6、ents in the manufacturing, chemical and process industries 4,5. Besides having technological advantages of using PLC, it also decreases the prices in the advanced level and complex control system 57. Nowadays, most of the control elements used to execute the logic of the system was substituted by th

7、e PLCs 8. The term logic is used because the programming is primarily concerned with implementing logic and switching operations. Input devices such as switches, and output devices such as motors, being controlled are connected to the PLC and then the controller monitors the inputs and outputs accor

8、ding to the machine or process 9. Originally PLCs were designed as a replacement for hard-wired relay and timer logic control systems. （Hard-wiring means that all of the components were manually connected by wires）. PLC consists of two parts i.e. the PLC hardware and programming. Details on the hard

9、ware and programming will be discussed in the Sections 3 and 4, respectively.PLCs were first used by the automotive industry in the late 1960s 2,1013, its automated equipment was primarily controlled by discrete inflexible circuits consisting of electro-mechanical relays and coils hardwired on panel

10、s. General Motors developed the specifications for a programmable controller that could replace the hard-wired relay circuits 2,11,12. The most radical idea, was the implementation of a programming language based on a relay schematic diagram, with inputs （from limit switches, pushbuttons, etc.） repr

11、esented by relay contact, and outputs （to solenoids, motor starters, lamps, etc.） represented by relay coils 12. Fig. 1（a） shows a simple hydraulic cylinder which can be extended or retracted by pushbuttons. Its stroke is set by limit switches which open at the end of travel, and the solenoids can o

12、nly be operated if the hydraulic pump is running. This would be controlled by the computer program of Fig. 1（b） which is identical to the relay circuit needed to control the cylinder. These programs look like the rungs on a ladder, and were consequently called Ladder Diagrams.In the mid-1960s, Hydra

13、matic, a division of General Motors Corporation, envisioned that a computer could be used to perform the logic functions then performed by relays 2. The engineering team wrote a list of features of the proposed computing device. GM initiated the development of the computing device by speci- fying ce

14、rtain design criteria, including:The device must be durable so that it can operate in the harsh environments （dirty air, humidity, vibration, electrical noise, etc.） encountered in a factory.It must provide flexibility by implementing circuit modifications quickly and easily through software changes

15、.It must be designed to use a programming language in ladder diagram form already familiar to technicians and electricians. It must allow field wiring to be terminated on input/output terminals of the controller.GM used this list of specifications when it solicited interested companies to develop a device that met its design requirements. Dick Morley conceived the first programmable controller on January 1, 1968 14. When his company, Gould Modicon Company developed the first PLC 2,11,14, the first model 084 PLC was installed at the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors Corporation