高考英语语法专攻-《非谓语动词》-考点归纳 针对性练习Word格式.docx

1、完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经

2、逃跑了。The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的 20 年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。2. 动名词doing （表示主动）being done（表示被动）完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the

3、 future. 在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy 和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。3. 现

4、在分词doing （表示主动和进行）being done（表示被动和进行）He sat there，reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal. 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV. 完成作业后，我开始看电视。Having been told many times，she still cant remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。4. 过去分词：done及物动词的过去分词表

5、示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。如：polluted river 被污染的河流；fallen leaves 落叶【注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。】【考点 2-非谓语动词的时态和语态】1. 不定式、动词-ing 形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing 形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现

6、在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。Feeling stronger now,Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.现在感觉更强壮了,Jane 开始沿着小溪行走,希望它能把她带到湖边。Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。 （先在

7、香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态）Im sorry to have kept you waiting long.对不起让您久等了。（先等待,然后说对不起）She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed（ 改 道 ） me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.她为我安排了一架小型飞机,让我改道在 Newark 转机,所以我回到英国的时间比原本计划的还要早。2. being d

8、one 所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Being exposed to the sun for so long will do harm to our skin.暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。 （只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行）3. 判断语态时学会找非谓语的逻辑主语 :做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时, 句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。The teacher came in,following our monitor.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。【考点 3-非谓语动词作

9、宾语】情况只接不定式做宾语的动词只接动词-ing 形式做宾语的动词（短语）常用动词hope,want,offer,long（渴望 ）,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manag e,agree,afford,determine,promise,happenmind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finis h,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,ri sk,resist,considercan t help,feel like,succeed in,be fond

10、of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to情况 常用动词意义基本相同两者都可以begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,（接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing 形式多指一般或习惯行为）need,want,require,de

11、serve（接动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式） stop to do（停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事） stop doing（ 停 止 正 在 做 的 事 ） remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）意义不remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）同go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法,努力去做,尽力） try doing（试着去做,看有何结果） mean to do（打算做,企图做）mean doing（意思是,意味

12、着）From the earliest ages,they desire to help others,to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.他们从小就渴望帮助他人,与他们分享信息并参与完成共同目标。注意:动词不定式和动词-ing 形式做主语或宾语时,可以用 it 做形式主语或者形式宾语。Its no use arguing with him.与他争吵没有用。I think it easy to have done so much in only one day.我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。

13、【考点 4-非谓语动词作状语】1. 非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系 ,用 doing 表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;having done 表示 do 的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系 ,则用done,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用 having been done。Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book w

14、ill have anadventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.然后,这个人会把书放在公共场所 ,希望它能经历一场冒险,跟着能找到它的每位读者周游各地。The teachers stood there talking,surrounded by the students.（The teachers和 talk 之间为主动关系,The teachers 和 surround 之间为被动关系）Having been shown around the lab,the visitors went to the library.（be shown around “被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生 went 这个动作）If properly administered,a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to.如果恰当管理,这些条款的认知标记可以帮人们确切地知道他们所签署的合同内容。（仅强调 kitemark 与 administer 的被动关系）表示时间关系的非谓语动词（短