美国电影中的讽喻艺术以阿凡达为例.docx

1、美国电影中的讽喻艺术以阿凡达为例中国药科大学本 科 毕 业 论 文 论文题目 美国电影中的讽喻艺术-以Avatar为例 专 业 英语专业 院 部 外语系 学 号 0948407 姓 名 檀芬 指导教师 王成林 课 题完成场所 中国药科大学 论文工作时间： 2013 年 3 月 至 2013 年 6 月A Tentative Analysis on Allegory in the American Film Avatar by Tan FenUnder the Supervision ofMr. Wang ChenglinSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of t

2、he RequirementsFor the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsForeign Languages Department China Pharmaceutical UniversityApril 2013I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person or m

3、aterial which has to a substantial extent been accepted for the award of any other examples or diploma at any university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. Signature: _ Name: Tan Fen Date: April 2013 兹呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师指导下独立完成的研究成果，在论文写作过程中参

4、考的其他个人或集体的研究成果均在文中以明确方式标明，本人依法享有和承担由此论文而产生的权利和责任。声明人（签名）： 年 月 日AcknowledgementsUpon the completion of the present paper, I feel deeply indebted to those who helped me during my study of the translation of Chinese color word -“Hong”.First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Wa

5、ng Chenglin, my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and invaluable advice during my study and writing of this paper. His generosity and readiness to help, and his profound literary and critical knowledge have always been a valuable source of any advancement I have made during the past one yea

6、r. Besides, his literary wisdom and critical insight will enlighten my way of life, and his personal charm as a scholar always stimulates me to pursue further goals in the future.Equal gratitude is extended to other professors and teachers for their encouragement and illuminating suggestions, from w

7、hose brilliant lectures and great personalities I have benefited greatly. My gratitude also goes to my peers and friends for their kindness to spend time and energy in appraising and editing my thesis.Grateful acknowledgements are also extended to all those whose works and essays I referred to or qu

8、oted in this thesis.Finally I thank all the people mentioned above again. Without them, it would have been impossible for me to accomplish this task.Tan FenABSTRACT A Tentative Analysis on Allegory in the American Film AvatarTan FenAs a revolutionary sci-fi epic, the film Avatar is not only a visual

9、 feast for all its viewers, but also a revelatory and enlightening one. The movie never fails to remind its audience of the criticism of the endless lust of human beings, the alienating interpersonal relationships, the deteriorating ecological environment and the evil deeds of colonization. This pap

10、er surveys and explores the film in terms of allegory with an aim to help its viewers to make good and sound judgment of the social problems implied in the film. Key Words: Avatar, revelatory, enlightening, criticism, allegory 【摘要】3D电影阿凡达不仅给我们带来了一场视觉盛宴，其背后深藏的隐喻更是给观众以启迪和反思。纵观该影片，不难发现其中对人类无止境的欲望，日渐疏远的

11、人际关系，日益恶化的生态环境，人类殖民的野蛮行径的强烈抨击。本文从讽喻艺术的角度出发，对阿凡达进行分析解读，以期能在一定程度上帮助观者和读者对影片中所反映的社会问题做出较为客观、全面的理解和判断。【关键词】阿凡达, 启迪, 反思, 抨击, 讽喻Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Chapter One INTRODUCTION OF FILMS.1Chapter Two ALLEGORY.22.1 The Definition of Allegory.22.2 Allegory in Western Literature.32.3 Allegory in Ame

12、rican Films.4Chapter Three THE FILM AVATAR.6Chapter Four ALLEGORY IN THE MIVIE AVATAR 9Chapter Five CONCLUSION.14REFERENCES 16Chapter OneINTRODUCTION OF FILMSFilm is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating - or indoctrinating - c

13、itizens. Since the first silent movie in the mid-19th century, the film industry has been progressing and prospering with each passing day.Film bases its root on life and reality, yet it is different from reality. Film is regarded as a particular form of art, or, to be more precise, a valid fine per

14、formance art. Film can be recordings of lectures and experiments, or more marginally, based on a classic novel.In the early times when movie first came into being, it is merely a means of entertainment and amusement. With the rapid development and advancement, the moving pictures are more than a mer

15、e means of recreation in the leisure time for an implicit message hidden behind the movie. Film is used for education and propaganda, and thus there must be certain means and methods through which to achieve the intended goals. The most basic three elements in a film are a theme, characters and a st

16、ory. Of the three elements, the theme is the most essential in a movie. It is the message or truth that the movie intends to get across to the audience.The other two elements also help to attain the goal. The characters are put in the settings and the several events involving the characters comprise

17、 the whole one story in the one film. In the realm of film making, many artistic devices are employed to disclose the theme and the enlightenment, including symbolism, suspense, metaphor, fantasy, allegory, exaggeration, and so forth. Here in this paper, the allegory used in the field of film is the

18、 central topic with the American movie Avatar as the sample and an example to be studied.Chapter TwoALLEGORY 2.1 The definition of AllegoryAllegory is a rhetorical device commonly used in literature works (novels, fables, poetry and fiction, etc.), art works, public speaking, advertising, and the li

19、ke. Three are different definitions of allegory.Wikipedia defines Allegory as follow,Allegory is a literary device in which characters or events in a literary, visual, or musical art form represent or symbolize ideas and concepts. Allegory has been used widely throughout the histories of all forms o

20、f art; a major reason for this is its immense power to illustrate complex ideas and concepts in ways that are easily digestible and tangible to its viewers, readers, or listeners. An allegory conveys its hidden message through symbolic figures, actions, imagery, and/or events. Allegory is generally

21、treated as a figure of rhetoric; a rhetorical allegory is a demonstrative form of representation conveying meaning other than the words that are spoken.Meanwhile, in the book Allegory by Fletcher Angus, Allegory is put in a different way,Anyone who has ever said one thing and meant another has spoke

22、n in the mode of allegory. The allegorical expression of ideas pervades literature, art, music, religion, politics, business, and advertising.Allegory puts forward a basic theory of allegory as a symbolic mode, shows how it expresses fundamental emotional and cognitive drives, and relates it to a wi

23、de variety of aesthetic devices. ( “Allegory.” Fletcher, Angus. 6th June 2013 Besides, allegory by Richard Nordquist (Ph.D. in English and a professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Armstrong Atlantic State University) is,The rhetorical strategy of extending a metaphor through an entire narrati

24、ve so that objects, persons, and actions in the text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text (“allegory.” A. Richard, Nordquist. 6th June 2013 Despite of the various definitions of allegory, they have one thing in common. In other words, allegory is an implicit means and method through w

25、hich complex ideas are conveyed.2.2 Allegory in Western LiteraturePut as a symbolic mode, allegory is rampant in literature. Sometimes works were specifically allegorical, though some are read as both truth and symbol. Take the story in the Bible as an example, the apple that Adam receives from Eve

26、is symbolic of the “knowledge of God and Evil, while the serpent is often read as signifying the tempter, or true evil. Another example in the Bible is in the New Testament. Christ makes frequent use of the “parable” to make statements about “people” in general. For example, the Good Samaritan is an

27、 allegory representing the right thinking and compassionate person. This is a specific rhetorical use of the device. In early rhetoric, several key examples stand out: Platos Allegory of the Cave, and Boetheus Consolation of Philosophy. Plato and Boetheus use the device in an extended format. Platos

28、 Allegory describes the state of the unenlightened, who cannot even believe that enlightenment exists. Boetheus, writing in the sixth century, uses allegory to explain the concept of fortune. The ensuing dialogue is one of an imprisoned Boetheus with Philosophy, Reason and Fortune. His thoughts form

29、 the basis for much of medieval thinking on the way in which the world operates. Specifically, the concept of fortune, or chance, is used repeatedly in medieval literature.Boetheus Consolation becomes the inspiration for the allegory used by Dante, Boccaccio, and Chaucer, and inspires the Arthurian

30、myths as well. Dante in particular uses extended allegory to symbolize the sins. Each description of a level of Hell or Purgatory is matched with a punishment that both represents and fits the crimes.Drama in medieval times often consisted of “morality plays,” and the most famous of these is the play Everyman. The main character, Everyman, symbolizes the plight of all men in the face of temptation. Later, Bunyans Pilgrims Progress will use alle