美国电影中的讽喻艺术以阿凡达为例.docx

美国电影中的讽喻艺术以阿凡达为例.docx

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美国电影中的讽喻艺术以阿凡达为例

中国药科大学

本科毕业论文

论文题目美国电影中的讽喻艺术--以Avatar为例

专业英语专业

院部外语系

学号0948407

姓名檀芬

指导教师王成林

课题

完成场所中国药科大学

论文工作时间：

2013年3月至2013年6月

ATentativeAnalysisonAllegoryintheAmericanFilmAvatar

by

TanFen

UndertheSupervisionof

Mr.WangChenglin

SubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

ForeignLanguagesDepartment

ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity

April2013

Iherebydeclarethatthissubmissionismyownworkandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,itcontainsnomaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherpersonormaterialwhichhastoasubstantialextentbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherexamplesordiplomaatanyuniversityorotherinstituteofhigherlearning,exceptwheredueacknowledgmenthasbeenmadeinthetext.

Signature:

_________

Name:

TanFen

Date:

April2013

兹呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师指导下独立完成的研究成果，在论文写作过程中参考的其他个人或集体的研究成果均在文中以明确方式标明，本人依法享有和承担由此论文而产生的权利和责任。

声明人（签名）：

年月日

Acknowledgements

Uponthecompletionofthepresentpaper,IfeeldeeplyindebtedtothosewhohelpedmeduringmystudyofthetranslationofChinesecolorword--“Hong”.

Firstofall,IwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoMr.WangChenglin,mysupervisor,forhisconstantencouragementandinvaluableadviceduringmystudyandwritingofthispaper.Hisgenerosityandreadinesstohelp,andhisprofoundliteraryandcriticalknowledgehavealwaysbeenavaluablesourceofanyadvancementIhavemadeduringthepastoneyear.Besides,hisliterarywisdomandcriticalinsightwillenlightenmywayoflife,andhispersonalcharmasascholaralwaysstimulatesmetopursuefurthergoalsinthefuture.

Equalgratitudeisextendedtootherprofessorsandteachersfortheirencouragementandilluminatingsuggestions,fromwhosebrilliantlecturesandgreatpersonalitiesIhavebenefitedgreatly.Mygratitudealsogoestomypeersandfriendsfortheirkindnesstospendtimeandenergyinappraisingandeditingmythesis.

GratefulacknowledgementsarealsoextendedtoallthosewhoseworksandessaysIreferredtoorquotedinthisthesis.

FinallyIthankallthepeoplementionedaboveagain.Withoutthem,itwouldhavebeenimpossibleformetoaccomplishthistask.

TanFen

ABSTRACT

ATentativeAnalysisonAllegoryintheAmericanFilmAvatar

TanFen

Asarevolutionarysci-fiepic,thefilmAvatarisnotonlyavisualfeastforallitsviewers,butalsoarevelatoryandenlighteningone.Themovieneverfailstoreminditsaudienceofthecriticismoftheendlesslustofhumanbeings,thealienatinginterpersonalrelationships,thedeterioratingecologicalenvironmentandtheevildeedsofcolonization.Thispapersurveysandexploresthefilmintermsofallegorywithanaimtohelpitsviewerstomakegoodandsoundjudgmentofthesocialproblemsimpliedinthefilm.

KeyWords:

Avatar,revelatory,enlightening,criticism,allegory

【摘要】3D电影《阿凡达》不仅给我们带来了一场视觉盛宴，其背后深藏的隐喻更是给观众以启迪和反思。

纵观该影片，不难发现其中对人类无止境的欲望，日渐疏远的人际关系，日益恶化的生态环境，人类殖民的野蛮行径的强烈抨击。

本文从讽喻艺术的角度出发，对《阿凡达》进行分析解读，以期能在一定程度上帮助观者和读者对影片中所反映的社会问题做出较为客观、全面的理解和判断。

【关键词】《阿凡达》,启迪,反思,抨击,讽喻

TableofContents

Acknowledgements

ChapterOneINTRODUCTIONOFFILMS......................................................1

ChapterTwoALLEGORY................................................................................2

2.1TheDefinitionofAllegory...................................................................................2

2.2AllegoryinWesternLiterature.............................................................................3

2.3AllegoryinAmericanFilms.................................................................................4

ChapterThreeTHEFILMAVATAR.................................................................6

ChapterFourALLEGORYINTHEMIVIEAVATAR9

ChapterFiveCONCLUSION.........................................................................14

REFERENCES16

ChapterOne

INTRODUCTIONOFFILMS

Filmisconsideredtobeanimportantartform,asourceofpopularentertainment,andapowerfulmediumforeducating--orindoctrinating--citizens.Sincethefirstsilentmovieinthemid-19thcentury,thefilmindustryhasbeenprogressingandprosperingwitheachpassingday.

Filmbasesitsrootonlifeandreality,yetitisdifferentfromreality.Filmisregardedasaparticularformofart,or,tobemoreprecise,avalidfineperformanceart.Filmcanberecordingsoflecturesandexperiments,ormoremarginally,basedonaclassicnovel.

Intheearlytimeswhenmoviefirstcameintobeing,itismerelyameansofentertainmentandamusement.Withtherapiddevelopmentandadvancement,themovingpicturesaremorethanameremeansofrecreationintheleisuretimeforanimplicitmessagehiddenbehindthemovie.Filmisusedforeducationandpropaganda,andthustheremustbecertainmeansandmethodsthroughwhichtoachievetheintendedgoals.Themostbasicthreeelementsinafilmareatheme,charactersandastory.Ofthethreeelements,thethemeisthemostessentialinamovie.Itisthemessageortruththatthemovieintendstogetacrosstotheaudience.

Theothertwoelementsalsohelptoattainthegoal.Thecharactersareputinthesettingsandtheseveraleventsinvolvingthecharacterscomprisethewholeonestoryintheonefilm.Intherealmoffilmmaking,manyartisticdevicesareemployedtodisclosethethemeandtheenlightenment,includingsymbolism,suspense,metaphor,fantasy,allegory,exaggeration,andsoforth.Hereinthispaper,theallegoryusedinthefieldoffilmisthecentraltopicwiththeAmericanmovieAvatarasthesampleandanexampletobestudied.

ChapterTwo

ALLEGORY

2.1ThedefinitionofAllegory

Allegoryisarhetoricaldevicecommonlyusedinliteratureworks（novels,fables,poetryandfiction,etc.）,artworks,publicspeaking,advertising,andthelike.Threearedifferentdefinitionsofallegory.

WikipediadefinesAllegoryasfollow,

Allegoryisaliterarydeviceinwhichcharactersoreventsinaliterary,visual,ormusicalartformrepresentorsymbolizeideasandconcepts.Allegoryhasbeenusedwidelythroughoutthehistoriesofallformsofart;amajorreasonforthisisitsimmensepowertoillustratecomplexideasandconceptsinwaysthatareeasilydigestibleandtangibletoitsviewers,readers,orlisteners.Anallegoryconveysitshiddenmessagethroughsymbolicfigures,actions,imagery,and/orevents.Allegoryisgenerallytreatedasafigureofrhetoric;arhetoricalallegoryisademonstrativeformofrepresentationconveyingmeaningotherthanthewordsthatarespoken.

Meanwhile,inthebookAllegorybyFletcherAngus,Allegoryisputinadifferentway,

Anyonewhohaseversaidonethingandmeantanotherhasspokeninthemodeofallegory.Theallegoricalexpressionofideaspervadesliterature,art,music,religion,politics,business,andadvertising...’Allegory’putsforwardabasictheoryofallegoryasasymbolicmode,showshowitexpressesfundamentalemotionalandcognitivedrives,andrelatesittoawidevarietyofaestheticdevices.（“Allegory.”Fletcher,Angus.6thJune2013<

Besides,allegorybyRichardNordquist（Ph.D.inEnglishandaprofessoremeritusofrhetoricandEnglishatArmstrongAtlanticStateUniversity）is,

Therhetoricalstrategyofextendingametaphorthroughanentirenarrativesothatobjects,persons,andactionsinthetextareequatedwithmeaningsthatlieoutsidethetext（“allegory.”A.Richard,Nordquist.6thJune2013<

Despiteofthevariousdefinitionsofallegory,theyhaveonethingincommon.Inotherwords,allegoryisanimplicitmeansandmethodthroughwhichcomplexideasareconveyed.

2.2AllegoryinWesternLiterature

Putasasymbolicmode,allegoryisrampantinliterature.

Sometimesworkswerespecificallyallegorical,thoughsomearereadasbothtruthandsymbol.TakethestoryintheBibleasanexample,theapplethatAdamreceivesfromEveissymbolicofthe“knowledgeofGodandEvil",whiletheserpentisoftenreadassignifyingthetempter,ortrueevil.AnotherexampleintheBibleisintheNewTestament.Christmakesfrequentuseofthe“parable”tomakestatementsabout“people”ingeneral.Forexample,theGoodSamaritanisanallegoryrepresentingtherightthinkingandcompassionateperson.Thisisaspecificrhetoricaluseofthedevice.

Inearlyrhetoric,severalkeyexamplesstandout:

Plato’sAllegoryoftheCave,andBoetheus’ConsolationofPhilosophy.PlatoandBoetheususethedeviceinanextendedformat.Plato’sAllegorydescribesthestateoftheunenlightened,whocannotevenbelievethatenlightenmentexists.

Boetheus,writinginthesixthcentury,usesallegorytoexplaintheconceptoffortune.TheensuingdialogueisoneofanimprisonedBoetheuswithPhilosophy,ReasonandFortune.Histhoughtsformthebasisformuchofmedievalthinkingonthewayinwhichtheworldoperates.Specifically,theconceptoffortune,orchance,isusedrepeatedlyinmedievalliterature.

Boetheus’ConsolationbecomestheinspirationfortheallegoryusedbyDante,Boccaccio,andChaucer,andinspirestheArthurianmythsaswell.Danteinparticularusesextendedallegorytosymbolizethesins.EachdescriptionofalevelofHellorPurgatoryismatchedwithapunishmentthatbothrepresentsandfitsthecrimes.

Dramainmedievaltimesoftenconsistedof“moralityplays,”andthemostfamousoftheseistheplayEveryman.Themaincharacter,Everyman,symbolizestheplightofallmeninthefaceoftemptation.Later,Bunyan’sPilgrim’sProgresswillusealle