专题十三非谓语动词.docx

1、专题十三非谓语动词 专题非谓语动词非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式，动名词，分词一 动词不定式1 基本结构“to+动词原形”，否定式是“not + to +动词原形”。to是不定式的符号，本身无意义2 句法功能1） 作主语To learn English well is not easy.= It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。2）作表语My job is to teach English.=To teach English is my job.我的工作是教英语。3）作宾语He wanted to ask you a question.他想

2、问你一个问题。4）作 定语I have a lot of work to do .我有很多工作要做。Have you got anything to say?你有什么要说的吗？注意：不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。5）作目的状语He went to the station to meet his friend.他去车站为了见他的朋友。6）作宾语不足语如：ask sb. to do sth. / tell sb. to do sth. / want sb. to do sth./ would like sb. to do sth.My parents dont allow me to wat

3、ch TV this term.这学期父母不允许我看电视。Mother asks me not to play computer games before finishing my homework.妈妈告诉我在完成作业之前不能玩电脑游戏。注意：在make / let/ see/ hear / watch等使役，感官动词后，不定式省略tomake sb. do sth. / see sb. do sth. 3.特殊疑问词+不定式不定式可以和疑问代词who ,what ，which, 疑问副词 when， how， why ，where连用构成不定式短语The teacher is tellin

4、g the students what to do .教师在告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go .他不知道去哪里。二 动名词由动词原形+ ing构成1 作主语Swimming in this river is dangerous.在这个河里游泳很危险。2作 宾语He likes playing football very much.他非常喜欢踢足球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。3. 作表语My hobby is collecting shells.= Collecting shells is my

5、 hobby.我的爱好是收集贝壳。4.作定语My mother is in living room.我妈妈在客厅里。注意：这些动词常跟动名词作宾语： finish / enjoy / mind / be worth / practice/ have fun/ spend / be busy/ give up / be used to / feel like 等I enjoy listening to music.The book is worth reading .三 分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和进行的意思。过去分词表示完成和被动的意思。1 作定语Do you know

6、the girl standing over there?你知道站在那边的那个女孩吗？There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有许多落叶。2.作状语Being ill, he didnt go to school.因为病了，他没有去上学。3作表语I was pleased at the news.我听到这个消息很高兴。4作宾语不足语He kept me waiting for a long time.他让我等了很长时间。四 易混易错点1 hear sb. do sth./ hear sb. doing sth.I heard him singi

7、ng in the classroom.（“唱歌”这个动作正在进行。）I heard him sing in the classroom.（“唱歌”这个动作已经结束）这样的动词如：see, watch, notice, hear , find , have2. the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man 一个惊讶的人a moving film 一场感人的电影the moved people 受感动的人们3the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家 the rising sun 正在升

8、起的太阳 the risen sun 升起来的太阳4stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 stop doing sth。 停止作某事 remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生） remember doing sth. 记得曾做过某事（动作已发生） go on to do sth. 做完一件事接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续不停做同一件事如：Stop talking , please.请不要讲话。Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一想。I remember posting your letter.我

9、记得把你的信寄出去了。（信已寄出）Please remember to post my letter.请记住把我的信寄走。（信 尚未寄出）练习题： 1. I always tell my students_on the road because its really dangerous.A not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play2. -Nick, would you mind_out of the bathroom ?-Sorry, I wont be long.A. come B. to come C. coming3. L

10、ets _for a walk, shall we?A. to go B. going C. go D. gone4.-Dont forget _your homework, John.-OK.Ill do right now.A. doing B. do C. to do5.-Why dont you go out to play ,Rose?-Im afraid I cant. I have much homework _.A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 6.It was such a funny show that people couldnt help

11、_again and again.A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing7.Whenever you have a chance _English, you should take it .A. speak B. to speak C. spoke D. speaks8.Its time for supper now. Lets _ it .A. stop having B. stop to have C. to stop to have D. stopping to have 9.I saw Li Ming _near the river on my way hom

12、e.A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played10. -What about _ a rest?-OK. Lets go out and have a walk.A. to take B. takes C. taking 11.My grandfather has a computer , but he doesnt know _to use it. A. what B. how C. who D. which12.-Bob speaks Chinese quite well.-Yes, so he does. He practises_Chinese e

13、very day.A. speak B. speaking C. speaks D. spoke13. He was _ at the _news. A. surprised , surprised B .surprised, surprising C. surprising , surprising 专题十四 主 谓一致一 主谓一致原则1 当 and / both and连接两个或三个名词作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式。Both my father and my mother are doctors.Jack and Mike are good friends.2.不定代词 either,

14、neither , anybody, something, everyone, nobody, nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式Something is wrong with my MP4.我的MP4有毛病了。Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事， 只怕有心人。3.由 each , every, each.and, everyand 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式Each boy and each girl has been given a gift.4. 主语后有with, along with , t

15、ogether with, as well as , more than, including, except等时， 谓语动词的数由主语的形式决定。Mr. Green with his wife and two children is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的夫人及两个孩子一块来北京。All except Harry have passed the driving test.除了Harry之外都通过了驾驶考试。5由 a pair( a kind , a piece ) + of + 复数名词，谓语动词用单数， pairs ( kinds, pieces ) + of

16、 +复数名词，谓语动词用复数A pair of new shoes is lying on the floor.Twenty pairs of pants are made each day.5. 不定式或 v.ing形式作主语时， 谓语 用单数Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。二 意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致， 即谓语形式要看主语所表达的概念。1 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语，如果指同一概念，谓语用单数The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌

17、唱家兼舞蹈家已经被邀请参加晚会。The teacher and writer is coming to our school tomorrow.那位老师兼作家明天要来我们学校。2 表示度量， 价格， 时间， 长度的复数名词作 主语时， 常被看作一个整体， 谓语用单数Three years is a long time. 100 yuan is enough for me.3 集体名词family, team , class, group,表示集体中的成员， 谓语用复数All my family like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。三 就近原则1 由 either or,

18、neithernor, not only but also或连接并列主语时，用就近原则Neither Mary nor you are right.你和玛丽都不对。Not only you but also Mary is right.不但你对了，而且玛丽也对了。2 在 There be 和 Here be 两个句中的动词常与最近的名词在数上保持一致There is an apple and three books on the table.Here are some flowers for you.练习题：1 Neither you nor I _a student.A. is B. are

19、 C. am D. were2.Both my parents _teachers.A. is B. are C. am D. was3. One of the women _from America.A. is B. are C. has D. being4. There _many trees in front of my house now.A. is B. are C. was D. were5. Tony with his parents often _to the movies at weekends.A. go B. goes C. has gone D. have gone6.

20、My old friend and classmate _in a hospital.A.work B. works C. are work D. is work7. Most of rice in China_in the south.A. are grown B. is grown C. grow D. grows8. My family _ watching TV.A. is B. are C. have D. has9. Doing eye exercises_ good for your health.A. are B. is C. have D. has10.There _ a b

21、ig cake and many candies at the party yesterday.A. was B. were C. is D. are11. The Greens _ having breakfast when the accidents happened.A. is B. are C. was D were12. How time flies! Two years _passed.A. have B. has C. is D. are13. Everyone except Tom _in the classroom when the class began.A. was B.

22、 is C were D are14.This new pair of socks _nice. A. are B. look C looks 15.Hey, Nick. There _the last bus! Hurry up , or well have to walk home. A. come B comes C. came D. coming专题十五 句子的种类根据句子的种类，可分为陈述句，疑问名，祈使句和感叹句。一、 陈述句陈述句是用来叙述一件事情或表示一种看法的句式，它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。如：I like you .He is the youngest student i

23、n the class.I can hardly understand her.二、疑问句 疑问句是常考的重点，也是要掌握的难点。分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。（一） 一般疑问句用yes或 no回答的问句叫一般疑问句。读升调。陈述句变一般疑问句时，需要把be（am is are was were do does did will shall have has ,would should had ,can may must need ）等放在句首。如：she is a student.Is she a student? Yes ,she is /No, she isnt.S

24、he comes from Shanghai.Does she come from Shanghai?Yes , she does./ No , she doesnt.（二）特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能用yes或no，读降调。疑问词有疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。1、 疑问代词：what who which whose whom .如：Who is your teacher?Miss Gao is my teacher.What does your father do?He is a doctor.2、 疑问副词：when where why how等。如：Whe

25、n did you come here?In 2005.Where are you from?Im from Japan.3、 疑问词组：how many , how much, how soon, how long, how far ,how often如：How soon will the concert begin?In twenty minutes.How long have you lived here?For five years.（三）选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能用yes 或no

26、 ，要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。如：Do you like apples or pears?I like pears.Which would you like better, tea or coffee?I like coffee.（四）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点为提出疑问的句子。附加问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句未用问号。如：There are few people in the room, are there?She is too young to go to school, is she ?二、 感叹句感叹句是用来表达

27、人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜怒哀乐等感情。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what 或how 来引导的句子，句末常用！（一） what 引导的感叹句1、 what +a/an +形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！如：What a beautiful girl she is !2、 what +形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语！如：What important jobs they have done!3、 what +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What fine weather it is !（二）how引导的感叹句1、how +形

28、容词或副词+主语+谓语！How interesting the dog is !2、how +形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！如：How useful a subject they are learning!4、 how+主语+谓语！如：How time flies!四、 祈使句：祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等，主语通常被省略，也叫无主句。谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1、 肯定祈使句。如：Come in ! Stand up ,please!2、 否定祈使句。如：Dont be late!练习：1. _ tall the boy is ! he can

29、play volleyball very well.A. How B. What a C. What D. How a 2. _ sleep too late. Its bad for your health.A. Do B. Not C. Dont D. Please not3. _ do you like your new bike?Its cool.A. How B.What C. Where D. Why4._ did you stay in Sanya last summer?For two weeks.A. How often B. How C. How long D. How m

30、any times5._ do you go to the cinema?Once a month.A. How long B. How farC.How often D. How much6. _ out your love, the world will become a nicer place to live in.A. Speak B. To speak C. Spoke D. Speaking7. _ fine day it is ! Lets go and fly a kite.A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 8. Jim , _ read books while you are walking in the street. Its very dangerous.Ok,thank you.A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant9. Have you ever been to Nanjing ?Yes ,_.A. I was B. I do C. I am D.