职称英语卫生类15篇完形填空及参考译文.docx

1、职称英语卫生类15篇完形填空及参考译文2012职称英语教材-卫生类15篇完形填空及参考译文（红色为书中选项答案）1 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year abou

2、t eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it.The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic d

3、rugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment.Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be.A professor of international h

4、ealth at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of

5、a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia.The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths.The model shows that these reductions would take

6、 place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosi

7、s patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than fo

8、rty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses. 2 Going on a diet （新增）Atypical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart beating and your lungs breathing. They kee

9、p your organs operating properly andyour brain running. They also keep your body warm. A persongains weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to reduce the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic principle behind going on

10、 a diet.unfortunately，diets dont work for most people. They do lose weight but thengo off the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to maintaining a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you actually take in.

11、The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can raise the number of calories you can consume per day.Exercise charts can show you how many calories different forms of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can make a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watch

12、ing TV or you can climb the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercisepartner. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. Its a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet.tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.3 One Good Reason

13、 to Let Smallpox LiveIts now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have itone in the US and

14、 one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?in reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a fewmuch vials. And the last “official” stocks of l

15、ice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again theres a good reason to keep the virusjust in case the disease puts in a reappearance.How

16、 do we_deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory thats open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesnt mean the idea is wrong

17、. If the virus is useful, then lets make it the servant of all humanitynot just a part of it. 4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leadingcauseof cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease indevelope

18、d countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity .playa major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided i

19、fnobody was obese,”he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol inabout six percent.Obesity raises the riskof breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer,while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth,throat and liver,

20、Its dangerous impact is increasedwhen combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are stillunknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study,which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk

21、 of cancer, will provide some answers.Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest.Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommende

22、d to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an

23、intimate partner duringtheir lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to lookatdomestic violence and healthamong men. Many menactually do experience domestic violence, although we dont hear about itoften, Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the studysauthors,

24、told Reuters Health. They often dont tell _ and_ we dont ask. We want to get themessage out to men whodoexperience domestic violence that they are not alone and thereare resources available to them The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse ,such as threats

25、that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior (for example,being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling. Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner_violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 perc

26、ent reported domestic violence in the previousyear. Rates were lower for men 55 and older ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the pastfive years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months. Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they hadbe

27、en victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence themen experienced was physical. However, the physical violence men reported wasnt as harsh as that suffered bywomen in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61per

28、cent of women Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental healthproblems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found.*6 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV TreatmentBristol-MyersMyers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs int

29、o a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with combinationsof drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simplerif drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, ta

30、ken just once a day. Now, two companies say they have done that for people just startingtreatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squib

31、b sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four. Combining drugs involves more thantechnicalissues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is

32、the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIV In January the New England Journal of Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared itseffectiveness to6 that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir containstwo drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and withfewerside effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, l