1、高考英语语法考点归纳高考英语语法考点归纳高中语法主要有主谓一致、冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词短语、情态动词、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、动词、从句等。下面我们来看看高考英语语法考点归纳,欢迎阅读。一、定语从考点1which引导的代表整个主句内容的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句时可代表主句内容,前面有逗号与主句隔开。例句:The CCTVs 2010 Entertainment Party was successfullyheld on the evening of February 13th,2010, which wasanother great en
2、couragement to all the Chinese中央电视台2010年春节文娱晚会于2010年2月13日晚成功举行,这对全体中国人民来说又是一个巨大的鼓舞。2特定词汇+of whom ,which引导的非限制性定语从句介词(包括复杂介词),数词(包括数量代词)及其它含局部与整体关系的特定词E+of whom(指人)which(指物)可以引导非限制性定语从句,此时前面不可加and,but等连词,该结构也可改为of whom which+特定词汇引导定语从句。例句:Our English teacher has three daughters,all of whom ofwhom all
3、 are considerate我们的英语老师有三个女儿,个个都很善解人意。3由whenwhere引导的先行词隐蔽度比较高的定语从句历年的高考考查实践表明,增加定语从句难度的手段之一是增加先行词的隐蔽度,如用point,case,situation等抽象的地点名词做先行词,当其在定语从句中做地点状语时用where引导定语从句的判断难度会增加,用occasion,period等表示抽象时间的名词做先行词,当其在定语从句中做时间状语时用when引导定语从句的判别难度也会增加。例句:Im sorry that I cant think out a situation where thiskind o
4、f deion is used对不起我想不出这种描绘被使用的场合。二、名词性从句考点1what引导的名词性从句what可引导名词性从句,表示“. -的内容(人、时间、地点、价格、速度、方式等)”。The Great Wall of China is what I most want to visit长城是我最想参观的地方。2. that引导的同位语从句that可引导同位语从句,说明被修饰名词的内容。例句:Word hascome that the sports meeting will be put of有消息说运动会将被推迟。3whateverwhoever引导的名词性从句 whatever
5、和whoever可引导名词Jl生从句,前者表示“无论什么 ,后者表示“不管谁 。例句:You can give the book to whoever you think needs it你可以把这本书给任何你认为需要这本书的人。4whether,if引导的名词性从句if只可引导宾语从句且不能和or not连用。whether可引导各种名词性从句且可和or not连用。例句:When shall we discuss the question whether we will havea picnic next week?我们什么时候讨论下周是否搞一次野餐的问题?三、状语从句考点1where引导
6、的地点状语从句where可引导地点状语从句,表示“在.的地方 。0ur school lies where there is a small river我们学校位于有一条小河的地方。2before引导的时间状语从句before引导时间状语从句时可表示“在.之前,尚未来得及,趁 。例句:Thenaughty boy had run away before I could call him tostop我还没有来得及叫住他,这个调皮男孩就跑开了。3unlessasso long as引导的条件状语从句unless,asso long as可弓I导条件状语从句,前者表示。除非 ,后者表示“只要 。例
7、句:AsSo long as you treat them truly,you can win overtheir respect只要你真诚地对待他们,你会赢得他们的尊敬。4 . so thatin case引导的目的状语从句so that,in ease可引导目的状语从旬,前者表示“以便”,后者表示“以免 。例句:Please close all the doors and windows in ease it willrain请关上所有门窗,以防天会下雨。5while引导的让步状语从句while可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。例句:While this problem is very d
8、ifficult,it is very important尽管这道题很难,却很重要。四、情态动词考点1推测性情态动词用法may(可许,可能),might(可许,可能),must(一定,必定),can(或许,可能)均有推测性用法,其中might可能性最小,must可能性最大。may,might,must常用于肯定句,may,might用于否定句可表示“可能不 ,can常用于否定句和疑问句,用于否定句表示 不可能 。例句: Can the man standing there be OUY physics teacher? Nohe cant be our physics teacher 站在那边
9、的那个人可能是我们的物理老师吗? 不,不可能。 Wi11 she buy you a birthday present? 她会给你买生日礼物吗 She may notbut Im no so surf 可能不会,但我不太有把握。2should的用法should常表示“应该”,但可置于句首用于条件状语从句(省去if),表示。万一 ,还可表示 竟然例句:Should you see the thiel,try to catch him如果你见到小偷,尽量捉住他。I cant imagine such a beautiful girl should be SO lazy我无法想像这样一个漂亮的女孩竟
10、如此懒惰。3may,must,earlt,should (shouldnt),ought to(oughtntto)neednt的完成式用法mav have done表示“可能已经做了某事 ,must have done表示“一定已经做了某事”,cant have done表示“不可能已经做了某事”,shouldought to have done表示“本来应该做某事但实际未做 ,shouldntoughtnt to have done表示 本来不应该做某事但实际已做”,Ileednt have done表示“本来没有必要做某事但实际已做”。例句:Our Chinese teacher isn
11、t in her offlee,so she may mightmust have gone home我们的语文老师不在办公室,所以她可能-定回家了。I saw his book ust now,so he cant have lost it我刚才还见到了他的书,所以他不可能弄丢了这本书。You failed the exam againSO you shouldought to haveprepared for it你考试又失败了,所以你本来是应该为此做好准备的。Thereare many mistakes in your article,SO you shouldntoughtnt hav
12、e been SO careless你的文章中有许多错误,所以你本来是不应该这么粗心的。The exam tum ed out to be SO easy,so you neednt aveworried about it这次考试结果证明这么容易,所以你本来是没有必要为此而担心的。五、倒装句型考点1完全倒装句型考点地点状语置于句首时需要使用完全倒装句型,将动词直接提前。例句:At the back of our school stands a high tower我们学校后面矗立着一座高塔。SO(肯定句中表示“也”),neither,IOF(否定旬中表示“也”),80.that. (引导结果状
13、语从句)j only(不修饰主句),noonly.but also. (不连接主语,连接两个分旬时第一个分旬倒装,第二个分句不倒装),not until,Never,hardly,little,hardly.when., SO SO01qethan,not a,nowhere,in no ease等词或短语置于句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例句:Only then did we realize the harm of pollution只有在那时我们才意识到污染的危害。Not until early the next morning did we know the truth ofthe mat
14、ter直到第二天一大早我们才知道了事情的真相。Not only does she work hard but also she is very honest她不但工作很认真,而且人也很诚实。2as引导的特殊倒装句型as引导让步状语从句时可将表语、动词、副词提前,将as紧随其后。如果表语为单数可数名词,提前时应去掉不定冠词。例句:Weak as she was,she still went on working尽管她身体虚弱,仍继续工作。Child as he is,he has rich knowledge 尽管他还是一个小孩,却有丰富的知识。六、虚拟语气考点1与过去事实相反的if虚拟条件状语
15、从句与过去事实相反时,从句动词用had done,主句动词用would,could,should,might have done,当从句动词含有were,had,could,should时可将其提至句首将if省略。例句:Had I known it at that time,I would have told you如果那时我知道这件事一定告诉了你。2混合虚拟条件从句如果if虚拟条件状语主从句时态不一致,应根据各自所体现的时间关系加以适当的调整,采用不同的动词形式。例句:If she had told me her telephone number yesterday,Icould phone
16、 her now如果她昨天把她的电话号码告诉了我,我现在就可以给她打电话了。3withwithoutbut for引导的含蓄虚拟条件从句with,without,but for可取代if引导含蓄虚拟条件从句。例句:With your help,I could have made more achievements如果得到你的帮助,我一定会取得更多成就。Without your support I couldnt have accomplished mytask SO smoothly没有你的支持我不可能如此顺利地完成任务。But for the informationI couldnt hav
17、e made such agood plan要不是这个信息我不可能制定这么好的计划。4wish引导的表示过去主观愿望的宾语从句wish引导宾语从句时如果表示过去的主观愿望,从句动词应用had done或could have done。例句:I wish I had could have watched that basketball matchyesterdayafternoon我希望我昨天下午看了那场篮球赛。5insist,suggest引导的宾语从句insist,suggest接宾语从若表示建议应用虚拟语气,动词形式为(should)do,但如果insist表示 坚持认为,固执己见 ,su
18、ggest表示。表明、暗示 ,所在宾语从句应用陈述语气。例句:Thedoctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and(should)be 0Dcrated 0n at once 医生坚持认为病人病得很严重,建议其立即做手术。The dark cloud in the sky suggests that it is going torain,SO I suggest that you (should)get in all the crops天上的黑云表明天要下雨了,所以我建议你把所有的庄稼收上来。七、不定式考点1不定式做目的状语不定式可
19、做目的状语,如果对其强调可将其提至句首,此时应注意人称一致。为了及时赶到那里,她将自行车骑得很快。误:T0 get there in timeher bike waS ridden fast正:To get there in timeshe rode her bike fast2不定式做结果状语不定式可做结果状语,强调出乎意料的动作,此时前面可加onlyo例句:I went to see her to find her absent我去看她结果发现她不在家。She hurried to the station to be told the train had left她匆忙赶往火车站,结果被告
20、知火车已经开走。3不定式的复杂形式不定式除有一般式外,还有否定式not to do,进行式to bedoing、完成式to have done、被动式to be done、完成被动式tohave beendone等复杂形式。例句;All the employees worked hard not to be fired为了不被解雇,所有的员工努力工作。Mary is said to have come back from abroad 据说玛丽已经从国外回来。This book is reported to have been translated into manyforeign langu
21、ages据说这本书已经被译成多国文字。Im sure she is sure to be impatiently waiting for US我相信她一定在不耐烦地等待我们。Nobody likes to be scolded in public没有人喜欢在公共场合受到别人的责备。4不定式独立主格结构with+名词+不定式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示未来的动作。例句:Witha lot of work to do,I cant help you at present因为有许多工作要做,我现在不能帮助你。八、Ving形式考点1Ving形式做宾语excuse. f0r. ,cant help,s
22、uggest,include,insist on,keep on, consider, finish, practice, put off, postpone, delay,miss,avoid,give up,imagine,feel like,enjoy,risk,mind,appreciate,stand,escape等词后面只能接Ving形式做宾语。remember 得曾做某事),forget(忘了曾做某事),mean(意谓着),try(尝试),regret (后悔),go on (继续做同一件事),stop(停止做某事),need(主语需要被.)等词表示括号内的含义时也应接ving形
23、式做宾语。例句:The hare was lucky enough to have avoided being caught这只野兔很幸运,错过了被捉住。She can hardly stand being treated SO unfairly她几乎忍受不了被如此不公平地对待。 SorryI took your EnglishChinese dictionary bymistake By mistake? I think you meant tO do SO 对不起,我拿错了你的英汉字典。 拿错了 我认为你是有意这么做的。2Ving形式做定语Ving形式做定语可表示被修饰名词的的用途和性质,
24、也可表示正在进行的动作。例句:The great noise comes from the building being built now这巨大的噪音来自正在被建的楼房。3Ving形式做状语Ving形式做状语常表示动作正在进行,此时应注意它的逻辑主语为主句主语。例句:Holding a book in his hand,he came into the room他手里拿着一本书走进了房间。读这本书时,这女孩热泪盈眶。误:Reading this book,tears came to the girls eyes误:Reading this bookthe girls eyes were fu
25、ll of tears正:Reading this bookthe girl bumt into tears4. Ving形式做宾语补足语Ving形式做宾语补足语也表示动作正在进行。例句:WhenI came to the fiveideI f0und girl struggling inthe water来到河边时我看见一个女孩在水中挣扎。5. Ving形式独立主格结构with+名词+Ving形式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示正在进行的动作。例句:With the water still rising,the villages couldnt return totheir village因为
26、水位还在上涨,村民们无法回到村里。6Ving形式复杂形式Ving形式除有一般式外还有完成式having done,被动式being done,完成被动式having been done,否定式not doing,完成否定式not having done,完成被动式的否定式not havingbeen done。例句:Havingsaid goodbye to each other, the children wenthome彼此说了再见之后,孩子们回家了。When 1entered their office,I found the meeting beingheld当我进入他们的办公室时,我发
27、现这次会议正在被举行。Having been put on many times,the film became verypopular被放映多次之后,这场电影变得非常走俏。Not having been elected a model teacher, the youngwoman felt very disappointed没有被选为模范教师,这个年轻女子感到非常失望。九、过去分词考点猜想1过去分词做状语过去分词做状语常表示被动的动作,也可因来自系表结构而表示主动的动作。例句:Caught in a heavy rain,the girl was all wet因为被浇了一场大雨,这女孩浑身湿透了。Dressed in a newly bought skirt,the young woman lookedmore charming因为穿着一条新买的裙子,这个年轻女子看起来更妩媚了。2过去分词独立主格结构with+名词+过去分词可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示被动的动作。例句:With his homework finished, the boy went out to getrelaxed因为家庭作业完成了,这个男孩出去放松了一下。
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