语言学 选择判断题.docx

1、语言学 选择判断题CHAPTER 1I。 Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:T 1。 Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language。F 2. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks。T 3。 General linguistics is generally the study of language as a wh

2、oleT 4。 Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication。T 5. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.T 6。 Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic princi

3、ples and theories to language teaching and learningT 7 Competence and performance refer respectively to a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concreteF 8 Language is a means of verbal communication。 Therefore, the communication way used by

4、the deaf-mute is not languageT 9。 By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of languageF 10. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitraryF 11. There is universal agreement about the origin of language。F 12。 Pet dogs can speak human languages。F 13. All human infants can

5、speak some language.F 14。 By creativity we mean the creative use of language as often practiced by poets。F 15。 With different cultures there will be different languages.T 16。 Not all uses of language are meant to convey new information。III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the c

6、hoice that can best complete the statement.1。 If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A。 prescriptive B。 analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 2。 Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B。 Displacem

7、ent C. Duality D。 Meaningfulness3. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _。 A. primary B. correct C. secondary D。 stable 4. The function of the sentence “water boil at 100 degrees centigrade”A interrogative B directive C informative D performative5。 A historical study of language is a _

8、 study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D。 comparative 6。 Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols for human _.A contact B communication C relation D community 7. Languages is _A instinctive B noninstinctive C static D genetically transmitted8. A linguist regards the c

9、hange in language and language use as _A unnatural B something to be feared C natural D abnormal 9. Which of the following words is entirely arbitraryA tree B crash C typewriter D bang 10。 In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing， because _。 A。 in linguistic evolution， sp

10、eech is prior to writing B。 speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed。 C。 speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the aboveCHAPTER 2I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False：T

11、1。Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English。 F 2。 If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning， they are said to be in complementary distribution。 F 3。A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meanin

12、g. F 4。English is a tone language while Chinese is not。 T 5.In linguistic evolution， speech is prior to writing. T 6。 In everyday communication， speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. F 7。Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properti

13、es of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph。 F 8。 The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas： the throat， the mouth and the chest。 T 9。Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds calle

14、d voicing。 F 10.English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest。 F 11.According to the manner of articulation， some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops， fricatives, bilabial and alveolar。 T 12

15、.Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth， the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels。 F 13.According to the shape of the lips， vowels can be classified into close vowels， semi-close vowels, semiopen vowels and

16、 open vowels。 F 14.Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. F 15.Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning。 F 16。Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories。 T 17。A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substitutin

17、g one sound for another results in a change of meaning。 F 18。When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings， the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast。 T 19。The rules governing the phonological patterning are la

18、nguage specific。 T 20。 Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments。III。 There are four choices following each of the statements below。 Mark the choice that can best complete the statement：35Of all the speech organs， the _ is/ are the m

19、ost flexible.A。 mouth B。 lips C。 tongue D。 vocal cords 36The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds。 A。 voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D。 consonantal37_ is a voiced alveolar stop。 A。 /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D./b/ 38The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying a

20、feature of a sequential phoneme， thus making the two phones _。 A. identical B。 same C. exactly alike D。 similar 39Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar， occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _。 A. in phonemic contrast B。 in complementary distributi

21、on C。 the allophones D。 minimal pair 40The sound /f/ is _. A。 voiced palatal affricate B。 voiced alveolar stop C。 voiceless velar fricative D。 voiceless labiodental fricative41。 A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position。A. back B。 centralC.

22、front D. middle 42。 Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments。 The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _。 A。 phonetic components B. immediate constituents C. suprasegmental features D。 semantic features 43。 A（n) _ i

23、s a unit that is of distinctive value。 It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A。 phone B. sound C。 allophone D. phoneme 44 The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _ of that phoneme. A. phones B. soundsC。 pho

24、nemes D。 allophones CHAPTER 3I。 Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False：T 1。 Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.F 2。Words are the smallest meaningful units of language。 T 3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the st

25、udy of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.T 4。 The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes。T 5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.T 6。 Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or

26、 grammatical categories such as number， tense， degree， and case。T 7。 The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme， or a derived form itself。F 8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word， not the meani

27、ng of it.F 9。 There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words.T 10。 Phonetically， the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element recei

28、ves secondary stress。III。 There are four choices following each statement。 Mark the choice that can best complete the statement： 21。 The morpheme “vision in the common word “television” is a(n) _。 A. bound morpheme B. bound form C。 inflectional morpheme D。 free morpheme 22。 The compound word “bookst

29、ore” is the place where books are sold。 This indicates that the meaning of a compound _.A。 is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC。 is the same as the meaning of a free phrase。D. None of the above。23。 The part of speech of

30、 the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of _.A。 the first element B。 the second elementC. either the first or the second elementD. both the first and the second elements。 24. _ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes， either free or bound, to form a word。A。 Free morphemes B. Bound morphemesC. Bound words D。 Words25。 _ i