高考英语一轮复习语法专题第十一讲复合句新人教版.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习语法专题第十一讲复合句新人教版第十一讲复合句一、名词性从句考点透析1that无词义，在从句中不作成分。当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，that不能省。如：(1)That he will refuse the offer is impossible.他不可能拒绝这个工作。(2)It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.她的头发变得灰白了，这让她焦心。2whether，if都可引导名词性从句，但需注意下列几点： (1)在句首引导主语从句时，只能用whether。Whether well go campin

2、g tomorrow depends on the weather.我们明天是否去露营看天气而定。(2)if不能引导表语从句。What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.医生真正担心的是重病后我妈妈是否可以完全康复。(3)if不能引导介词后的宾语从句。Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to.一切都取决于我们能否制定出一个他们认可的计划。(4)如果宾

3、语从句是否定句时，只能用if。I asked Jack if he hadnt decided what he would say at the meeting.我问杰克他是否尚未想好在会上该说些什么。(5)discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether引导。doubt作“怀疑”解释接宾语从句时，如果主句是肯定的，宾语从句用whether或if引导，如果主句是否定的，宾语从句只能用that引导。如：We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effect.我们讨论了这药是否会引起副作用。I doubt whether/if he is f

4、it for his office.我们怀疑他是否称职。I dont doubt that he can do it very well.我不怀疑他能把这件事做得很好。3wh词既有词义(该词基本的词汇意义)，又在名词性从句中充当成分。因此，在选择wh词时，既要考虑该词的基本意义，又要考虑它在从句中的作用。如：(1)I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.我驾车去珠海看航展了。Is that why you had a few days off?你请几天假就为了这个？(why引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语)(2)It is generally

5、considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.人们普遍认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。(whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作wants的宾语)(3)A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.(what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)电脑只能按你的指令做事。(4)What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.是什么导致了事故发生还是一个谜。(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)4do

6、 you think，do you suppose，do you believe等后接疑问词连接的宾语从句时，疑问词应移至句首，从句用陈述句语序。Since you have seen both fighters，who do you think will win? 既然两个选手你都看到了，你认为谁会赢？5I think，I suppose，I believe等后接否定句作宾语从句时，要把否定转移到主句。I dont think you are right.(不能说：I think you are not right.)我认为你不对。.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词

7、。1“I wanted to see for myself_happened”，said Ferry.“I couldnt imagine_it is like to lose your home and everything.”2Soon, they became interested in different types of machines and began to learn_ the machines worked.3.Nobody stood out admitting the fact，for some reason，_they lost the game.4He was gr

8、eeted by the city mouse cheerfully. The country mouse was surprised_big the house was.5I couldnt do anything but stand and stare. Then a man approached me and asked_I wanted my belongings back.6It is your attitude towards it_matters.7As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _

9、 suits you best.8Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.9It suddenly occurred to him_he had left his keys in the office.10The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for_he could find about Mark Twain.阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入适当的关联词。 It was reported 1._ there

10、was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning. No one saw 2._ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3._ will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about 4._ the driver was guilty. 5._ the p

11、olice should do now is 6._ they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7._ the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason was 8._ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didnt admit the fact 9._ he was overspeed drivi

12、ng at the turning. The police doubted 10._ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.答案：.1.what；what2.how3.that4.how5.whether/if6that7.whichever8.how9.that10.whatever.1.that2.what3.Who4.whether5.What6.that7.how8.that9.that10.whether.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有

13、10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。The news has stirred up a heated debate what there will be a new round of College Entrance Examination reform of some provinces in 2017.Those in favor

14、of it think it that the reform can lighten the students burden to some extent. But, what most worries the opponents is whether it is likely that the frequent reform will result in students great anxiety，as they doubt that it can really benefit students. Actually, it is not surprising at all because

15、people pay so much attention to the reform，as College Entrance Examination plays a very important part in the future of the young. As a student of Senior 3, I do believe the most effective way is that we students get the hang of the knowledge of every course and which matters is we students should t

16、ry our best to learn something useful so that we know how to fit in with the society.答案：二、定语从句考点透析1关系代词有：who，whom，whose，which，that，as。关系副词有：when，where，why。2注意关系代词that的用法，如：(1)All that can be done has been done.能做的都已经做了。(2)I have read all the books that you gave me.我已经读完你给的所有书籍。 (3)Beihai Park is one

17、 of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago.北海公园是两百年前修建的最美丽的公园之一。3关于“介词关系代词”。能作介词宾语的关系代词只有whom 和which，先行词指人时用whom，先行词指物时用which。介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配，二是看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。如：(1)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30，by which many people have got home.在办公室

18、里，我似乎5：30前永远不会有时间，而那时许多人都已经到家了。(根据句意，用by which，意为“到这个时候”)(2)In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help是固定搭配)4当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导，需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中的作用才能选择恰当的关系词。需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语，即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词，但如

19、果所缺关系词在从句中是作主语、宾语的话，仍然应用关系代词which，that。如：(1)It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，when for the first time their team won the World Cup.这是足球迷一年中激动的时刻，他们队第一次赢得了世界杯。 比较：This is the museum which/that we visited last year.(that/which是visited的宾语)(2)This is the museum where my father

20、used to work.(where是used to work的地点状语)这是我父亲曾经工作过的博物馆。(3)Ill never forget the days when I studied in this university.(when是studied的时间状语)我永远不会忘记在这所大学学习的日子。(4)Ill never forget the days which we spent together.(which是spent的宾语)我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那些日子。5关系代词与其他代词的选填。如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词的话，考生首先要弄清句子结构。

21、第二分句前如有and，but，or，so等词，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。第二分句前如无and，but，or，so等词，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应选用关系代词。如：(1)Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise.爱丽丝收到了老板的请柬，这对她是个惊喜。(2)Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but it didnt help.汤姆的妈妈总是叫他努力学习，可这一点用也没有。(3)I shall never

22、forget the years when I lived in the country with the farmers，which has a great effect on me.我永远不会忘记我们在乡村和农民们一起度过的那几年，它们对我影响极大。6as，which引导的非限制性定语从句。as，which都可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中都能作主语、宾语。但是，as除了引导定语从句外，还有“正如”、“像一样”的词汇意义，which没有这个意思。此外，在句首引导非限制性定语从句时， 只能用as。如：(1) can_see，,谓语)he is very successful as a wri

23、ter.,)正如你知道的那样，作为作家他很成功。(2)We collected money for these poor children，at_the_meeting,状语)我们为这些可怜的孩子募捐，这是在会上决定的。(3)She always criticized Tom，,)very_unhappy,宾语补足语)她老是批评汤姆，这让他极不高兴。7如果先行词是way，可用that，in which引导定语从句，或不用关系代词。如：(1)I dont like the way that he spoke to me.我不喜欢他跟我说话的方式。(2)I dont like the way in

24、 which he spoke to me.(3)I dont like the way he spoke to me.8先行词是occasion时，关系副词用when；先行词是point，stage，situation，case，position时，关系副词用where。如：(1)I still remember the occasion when I had to tell a lie although I didnt want to.我仍然记得那个场景，虽然我不想说谎，可又不得不说谎。(2)You could get into a situation where you are forc

25、ed to do something against your will.你有可能陷入一种困境：违背自己的意愿，被迫做某些事情。.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词。1A lot of language learning, _has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.2In 1786 they were published in the volume, Poems

26、, Chiefly，_made him famous in Scotland overnight.3There they met people from other parts of the country，_had also volunteered to help.4. Some planes have seats_lie flat to become beds and on the very newest planes，passengers can even use the Internet!5. He has 320 melons in all，58 of _are on the tab

27、le. Fresh and red, each weighs about 2kg.6Care of the soul is a gradual process in _ even the small details of life should be considered.7One day the city mouse，_lived in a big house wrote a letter to the country mouse inviting him for a visit.8But she never forgot other children of the mountains_pa

28、rents couldnt afford to send them to school.9My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library. I passed by a girl_dropped her books out of her locker.10All the bands_have little to do with good music fail to be viewed as successful on stage.11.They think that managing ones micro b

29、log will take a lot of time and energy，_should be used to study.12They also bought a wheelchair for tenyearold Tan Jun，_suffers from a brain problem.13That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.14Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into televisi

30、on series.15Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.16In our class there are 46 students, of_ half wear glasses.17By 16：30, _was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.18We live in an age_more information is available with greater ease than ever before.19Have you sent thankyou notes to the relatives from _ you received gifts?20I wish to thank Professor Smith, Without _help I would never have got this far.在下文空格处填入恰当的关联词。There was a time 1._ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this