应用文写作.docx

1、应用文写作应用文题型 （Applied Writing） 应用文的范围很广，包括书信、便条、广告、简历以及通知等诸方面。英语考试中的应用文以书信为主、兼或有报告、演讲词、导游介绍之类的要求，这一点在大学英语四级考试中屡有所见。 书 信 英文书信一般包括六个部分： 信头-写信人的地址和日期 收信人内文地址-收信人的姓名及地址 称呼-对收信人的称谓语，写在内文地址以下两行 正文-写信人的身份及写信目的 结束客套语-信尾谦辞 签名 称谓（Salutation） 这儿指写信人对收信人的称谓。从左边顶格写起，自成一行，比信内地址低两行。其开头词和专有名词的第一个字母还应大写。称谓后，英国人喜用逗号，而美

2、国人则用冒号。 Dear 的用法： 最常见的是用Dear + （头衔）姓或名，如：Dear Professor Chen, Dear Mr. Alan 或Dear Isabel, 也就是在Mr., Mrs, Miss, Ms, Prof., Dr. 等后只用姓，不用名字。如果关系比较亲密，可用My Dear。 给某个机构或你不认识的人写信，则按如下称呼写： Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, Sirs, Gentlemen, Dear Madame, Ladies or Madame, To Whom It May Concern. 写给政府各部门首长，如参议员、法官、大使、市长等可用H

3、on. （Honorable 阁下的缩写），表示尊重。 正文（Body） 正文是书信的主要部分。通常在低于称呼一行处写起，每段开头要向后缩进五到八个字母。正文从内容结构上一般包括： 写信人的身份及写信目的-位于开头部分，一般是寒暄或点明写信的目的；要写得贴切、热情、恰如其分。 写信人的想法，请求等细节-位于中间部分，叙述一封信的主要内容，要求写得具体明了，直截了当 向收信人表示谢意、希望等-位于结尾部分，通常写一些表示祝愿、问候、感谢等结束敬语或希望之类的话语。 下面是一些写信时的常用表达： 开头语常用表达： 寒暄或关于接到你的某月某日的信 Excuse me of not writing y

4、ou for such a long time. Your letter dated the 10th inst. （instant 本月） is at hand. I feel complimented by the kindness of your letter which arrived this morning. Words cant express my delight of receiving your letter dated Aug. 27. 点明目的，表示通知、消息。 I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor. I have t

5、he pleasure to tell you that our friend, Jim, will get married in the New Years Day. I am very much delighted to inform that you will get a promotion soon. 结尾语常用表达： We send you our best wishes. With best regards. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Love to all you. Please give my best regards

6、to your family / parents. All the luck in the world to you. 结尾谦辞（Complementary Close）。 结尾谦辞指写信人对收信人的谦辞称，写在正文下第二、三行处，从信纸中间稍向右处或齐头左顶格写起，第一字母大写，末尾加逗号。结尾谦辞根据通信人之间关系的亲疏恰当选择。常见的有以下几种： 通常使用： Sincerely,（Your Sincerely; Sincerely yours; Most sincerely） Truly，（Yours truly; very truly yours） 给上级、长辈、领导或公务信件用： R

7、espectively yours, Faithfully yours, 一般同事或熟人之间用： Yours ever, Your friend, Cordially yours, 写出亲属或关系非常亲密的是： With love, Love, All my love, Forever yours Yours affectionately, Your loving son / daughter 书信作文的语体问题 就书信作文而言，作文内容固然重要，但语体更是问题。英文书信大致可分为事务书信（Business Letters）和个人书信（Personal Letters）两种。前者是单位与单位或

8、个人与单位之间来往的信件，语体比较正规（formal）；后者则是个人与个人之间的飞鸿，表达较为随便（Personal）。但有时，同一封信可以采用正式与非正式两种语体表达，这就要求考生具有明辨和变换语体的能力。会变换语体，就要掌握大量词汇和句子结构、套语，尤其是同义词的不同感情色彩以及委婉语气和祈使句的应用。一般说来，正式文多采用包含would, should, might 等情态动词的语句，而个人书信除对师长的客套外，大都可融进少量口语体的句子（如祈使句、感叹句等）。值得一提的是广义虚拟语气在书信中的应用（凡要表达客气委婉的语气或留有余地的主观愿望而使用的虚拟语气属广义用法）。广义虚拟语气涉及

9、到若干固定句式，比如： 陈述看法 I believed/thought/guessed/supposed/that+表述内容（用过去时代替现在时是客气委婉的表示。） 提出劝告、建议 It would/could be fine to do You might as well do You should do 提出请求、询问意向 I would （very much） like to V Could you . Would you 表明意向 I was wondering if I wondered if 以上句式在正式或比较正式的书信中是常见的，应学会使用。 实例1-2002年1月真题 Dir

10、ections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂

11、的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 Model Composition January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President, I am a student here. I write you this letter to say a few words about the dining halls in this university. First, the food in the dining halls is not delicious enough, either too salty or too watery, espe

12、cially in Dining Hall 3. Second, the prices in dining hall are very high and usually we cannot afford it. Third, the dining halls are always very crowed and we can seldom find seats if arriving there not early enough and the tables are not cleaned in time. Anyway, what is good is that the working st

13、aff in the dining halls are quite kind, friendly and patient, and they usually try their best to meet the demand of the students and teachers. Thus I suggest enlarging the dining halls and improving the quality of foods and reducing the prices to what is acceptable to all the students. Best wishes.

14、Yours sincerely, Li Ming 实例2-2003年12月真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 建议报考的专业及理由 报考

15、该专业的基本条件 应当如何备考 Model Composition A Letter of Reply to a Friend December 27, 2003 Dear When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teach

16、ing, translation, foreign trade and so on. Whats more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market. In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lo

17、t of time on it, just as the old saying goes, Practice makes perfect. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning En

18、glish since interest is the best teacher. As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, youd better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university. Yours 实例3-2001年6月真

19、题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chines

20、e. 表示欢迎 提出过度假安排的建议 提醒应注意的事项 Model Composition A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang, Im very happy that you will come to Beijing and spend holidays with me. It is a long time that we havent seen each other and I miss you very much. I have always been looking forward to your arrival.

21、Since you will stay in Beijing for a week, I suggest you visit some places of interests, such as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace, the TianAn Men Square, Mount Fregrance and etc. If time permits, I can show you around some famous universities like Peking University, Tsinghua Univ

22、ersity and so on, which are worth your visit. As the weather here is changeable, I propose you to wear more clothes in case that it is getting colder. Come here as soon as possible and I cant wait to meet you. Wish you a safe and pleasant trip here. Yours. 报告写作 报告（report）是指向某人、某公司或政府机关通报值得注意的一些事实的文件

23、，报告有很多种，这里我们主要集中看看大学生或毕业生所马上面临的部分。在编写报告时，要注意下列事项： 弄清楚为谁写这份报告，为什么写 尽量用简洁的语言 要有特色 报告写完后，对主要观点要有总结 一般四级考查的是短文式报告（Report in Essay Style）,这类报告通常包括三部分：引言（Introduction）, 正文（body）， 结论（conclusion）。当然，正文根据情况不同，可分为不同的段落。 实例-2003年6月真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write An Eye-Wit

24、ness Account of a Traffic Accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 车祸发生的时间及地点 你所见到的车祸情况 你对车祸原因的分析Model Composition An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident Last Friday morning I was standing at the bus stop waiting for Bus No. 375. Because several lines pass by the station and i