初中英语语法代词复习讲解.docx

1、初中英语语法代词复习讲解初中英语语法代词复习讲解代词是代替名词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。一. 人称代词人称代词起代表人和事物的作用，有人称、数和格的变化。人称代词的形式: 主格: 单数I 、 you 、 he 、 she 、 it 复数 we 、you 、they 宾格: 单数me 、you 、him 、her 、 it 复数us 、 you 、them1、作主语（用主格）： She is a teacher(作主语) We love our country.It is my book.注意：1）、人称代词

2、主格单数he.she和it的复数形式相同，都是they,宾格形式也相同，为them。2）、主格代词（I,she等）一般不单独使用，也不用于带not 的简短回答中，这种情况下往往用宾格代词。Who did it? Me/Not me.3）、I 永远要大写，无论在句前还是在句中。2、作宾语（用宾格）1)、作及物动词的宾语。Xiao Li helped me with my lessons. We all know her. 2)、介词宾语。 He had a talk with me this month.Please look at it.3、作表语。比较正式的场合用主格，口语中用宾格。 -Wh

3、os is knocking at the door? -Its me. Oh，Its you.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。 Jack is older than her. Xiao Li is older than I am. 5.人称代词在句中并列使用时，一般的顺序为:二,三,一人称。单数you,he and I,复数you,they and we.You, she and I enjoy the music.6.、she 常可以代表国家、大地、月亮、太阳、船只等。China will always do what she promiseed t

4、o do.The Shanghai (上海轮) arrives tomorrow.,doesnt she?7.it 的用法：（1）、常用来代替不明性别的小孩child 和 baby 婴儿。It is a lovely child. Is it a boy or a girl?（2）、指代this 或 that Whats this? Its a cat.That must be a cat,isnt it?(3).指代时间、距离、天气、环境等Whats the weather like today? Its windyIts about five minuts walk from my hom

5、e to school.Its time to go home.If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.He liked living there,it was usually very quiet.(4).用来确指某人，特别是身份不明的人。Who is it? Its the postman.I dont know it was you. (5).指代前文提到过的一件事情 I wont do it agait. Have you heard about it? Dont mention it. A woman saw it happen.（6）.作

6、形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词短语或主语从句Its nice of you to give me so much help.It seems that Chinese food is the most popular in the world.How long does it take you to go home by bike?He found it very difficult to sleep.I think it right to do it like this.(7).it、 that、 one 的用法区别A、替代含义的不同It 替代特定的、同一的事物，既可以代替可数名词单数

7、，又可以代替不可数名词。That 替代特定的、但不同一的事物，既可以代替可数名词单数，又可以代替不可数名词。One 替代一个不确定的、泛指的人或物，只替代可数名词单数。Yestoday I lost my pen,but Ive found it.Yestoday I lost my pen,but now Ive bought one .My seat is next to that of my teacher.B、修饰语的不同It 不能带任何修饰成分One 可以有the. This.that.which.each 等修饰C、复数不同It -them that-those one-ones二

8、. 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，形容词性 my 、your 、his 、her 、 its 、our 、 your 、 their名词性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs1、形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，在句中作定语。例如： I saw it with my eyes. Our English teacher is a beautiful girl. 2、名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。 Her dress is green.Mine is bl

9、ue.(作主语) - Is this English-book yours? - No,Its his. (作表语) I lost my pen. May I use yours? Your bike is different from his. (作宾语) 注意：1）、 its 与its 不能混淆 its = it is 或 it has 2）、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词虽然都译成“的”，但形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面需有名词，名词性物主代词不能用在名词之前，名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+名词 Mary hair is longer than mine.(my hair).

10、Her bike is different from ours.3）.of+名词性物主代词表示所属 ，也可以用作定语，表示众多中的一个。如:a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友三. 反身代词表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等表示自身或强调自身的代词称为反身代词。（动词所表达的动作返回到动作者本身）反身代词有人称和数的变化，其形式如下表：单数：myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、复数：ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves其构成规则是： 第一、二人

11、称：在形容词性物主代词后加self 或 selves第三人称：在人称代词宾格后加self或 selves反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 作宾语，反身代词的最主要功能就是作宾语。 He taught himself English.I cut myself this morning.Would you please express yourself in English? Help yourself to some tea. The boy is too young to look after himself. （介词宾语） Dont think too much of yours

12、elf.(介词宾语)2. 作表语。 She is not quite herself today. The woman in the picture is myself.3. 作同位语，强调和反身代词同位的名词或代词。 1)、和主语同位.。They themselves wanted to go together.I myself washed the clothes.You youfself said so.He himself was a doctor. 作主语同位语时，可放主语之后也可放句末。 She taught her English herself.She herself told

13、 me the news. 2)、和宾语同位Youd better ask the doctor herself. 4.要牢记反身代词与及物动词构成的固定搭配:注意：enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快) by oneself=alone (单独、独自) help oneself to (随便吃/喝 些.) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)look oneself （ 照顾自己） come to oneself （苏醒过来） wash oneself (自己洗澡)5.反身代词常和介词构成习惯用语，

14、by oneself for oneself 独自地say to oneself 自言自语among themselves 他们之间6.反身代词不能单独作主语。 Myself did it. (错) I myself did it. (对) 四. 指示代词指示代词是用来指代上下文中出现的人或事的代词。单数 this， that， it， such , same 复数 these， those such same 1. 在句中起名词作用，作主语、宾语、表语；也可起形容词作用，作定语。 This is an apple. Thats a good idea. 主语 I like this and

15、he likes that. Will you tell me all about that. 宾语和介词宾语 The reason is this, 表语 These bags are very heavy. Who will talk with that man. 定语 2.指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人， That is my teacher. (对)那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人） He is going to marry this girl. (对)他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词） She is going to marry t

16、his. (错)（this作宾语时不能指人） I bought this. (对)我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)3.this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人. I want this one,not that one.This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. In those days the workers had a hard time. 4. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物.

17、I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. He was ill yesterday .I am sorry to hear that.Tell the children to do like this: put up this stickWhat I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English. 5. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 指代前文同类的不可数名词，those代替前文同类的复数可数名词。用 the one 指代与前文同类的单数可数名词。

18、例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. The boxes are heavier than those on the desk. The population of China is large than that of Japan. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than that in Shanghai. 6. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary.

19、Is that Jack speaking? 7、That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较： He admired that which looked beautiful. (对)他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。He admired those who looked beautiful. (对)他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人） 8.it 指人时也可作为指示代词看待。 Who is it? Its me. Oh,Its you, Zhang Ling. 9.such 和 same 也是指示代词。他们的单数、复数形式相

20、同，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 Such are the results.(主) The same may be said of his sister.(主) His mistake is not such that he cant overcome it.(表语) Our coats are the same. (表语) Take from the bag such as you need.(宾语) My sister cut the cake and her child did the same. (宾语) I have met many such people.(定语) We g

21、o to the same school. (定语)注意：1）、such 作定语时，如果名词前有不定冠词，则such 放在不定冠词前面。 I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 2）、在same 之前，一定要用定冠词the。五. 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，具有名词和形容词性质，并有可数和不可数之分，没有确定的对象而有非确定的特指意义。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与any 1)some any相当于名词和形容词，作定语时均可以代替可数名词和不可数名词。som

22、e多用于肯定句，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。表示“一些，几个”。作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。 Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.Some of the boys are good at swimming.any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，表示“一些，任何”，在句中用作主语、宾语、定语。用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。 Any of you can do it.Have you g

23、ot any colour chalk?Are there any stamps in your drawer?2）、if 引导的条件句中，用any 不用some. If you have any money,buy some books. If you have any questions, please ask me.3）、:在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any 。 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? Could I have some apples? May I ask some

24、 questions?Why not buy some fruit for her? 4）、some 和any 可以用来修饰单数名词,any 用在肯定句中时，意思是“任何的”。 Any student can answer this question. You can take any book you like. Some day Chinese people will fly to the moon. You may come at any time.5）、any 也可与比较级连用，表示程度。Is she any better taday?2. few, a few, little, a

25、little 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少，但有几个 a little，虽少，但有一点表示否定概念 few不多，几乎没有 little不多，没有什么1)、它们在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。 Few of us have been to Beijing. I know little about the book. There is a little water in thia bottle. He has few friends. 2）、a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a li

26、ttle hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, others, the others, another, other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面需跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的。 others 其它。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西。常用于“some others”结构。the other 两个中的另一个，剩

27、下的一个。特指。常用于“one the other ”结构。the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部。The other + 单数或复数名词 表示在一定范围内的另一个或几个，特指。another另一个（指多个中的任何一个）可单独用，也可接单数名词，还可接名词复数，表示另几个，再几个。 Where are his other books? Some are red,and others are black. She has two sisters,one is a nurse ,the other is a teacher. Some went to the cinem

28、a, others went swimming. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. Would you have another cup of tea?You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Show me another one,please? Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every与eacheach 每一个，强调个别情况。主、宾、定、状,可单独使用,可

29、做代名词、形容词、用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。every 每一个，强调整体，“每个都”“人人都”，只作定语，不可单独使用，仅作形容词，用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。The teacher gave a toy to each child.Each ball has a different colour.(定)I gave each an apple when they came.(宾)当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，e

30、very的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.1)、只能说each of , 不能说every of ,every one = each Each of the rooms can hold twenty people.（主）2）、each every 作定语时，后加单数名词；each作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Each student has a book. Every student has a book.3）表达“每几个”，只能用every Every four days 每四天 Every other day 每隔一天 Every few metres 每隔几米5. all,both,none,either,neither的用法。1)all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以