Lao She and His Works.docx

1、Lao She and His Works摘要老舍，伟大的中国人民艺术家。一生经历风雨，他的作品和中国社会紧密相连。他的作品多取材于贫苦百姓，揭示当时的社会现象。他的一生创造了许多优秀的作品，他是中国乃至世界文化史上的一位巨人。关键字：老舍;中国社会;作品AbstractLao She, great Chinese peoples artist. His works and Chinese society are closely linked. His works are based on the poor people, in order to reveal the prevailing s

2、ocial phenomenon. He created many excellent works during his life, he is one of the giants in China and even in the world cultural history.Key words: Lao She, Chinese society, worksLao She and His WorksAbout the authorLao She, formerly known as Shu QingChun, pinyin: Sh Qngchn, Manchu: Sumuru, Februa

3、ry 3, 1899 August 24, 1966), better known by his pen name Lao She (Chinese: 老舍; pinyin: Lo Sh) was a notable Chinese writer. A novelist and dramatist, he was one of the most significant figures of 20th century Chinese literature, and is perhaps best known for his novel Rickshaw Boy and the play Teah

4、ouse (茶館). He was of Manchu ethnicity. His works are known especially for their vivid use of the Beijing dialect. He devoted all his life to his work, he is worthy of the great model worker and published a large number of literary works, affect later won the title of peoples artist.Early LifeIn 1899

5、, “peoples artist” Lao she (formerly known as ShuQingChun) was born in Beijing xicheng one of a manchu family. He was the youngest child in the family. He had four sisters and three brothers. Almost every family there where very poor, they ate twice a day and every meal had only one dish. Lao She me

6、ntioned it in qin jian chi jia , one of his works. He said that like my house, summer cooking food is often salt mix spring Onions, winter is pickled cabbage onto . There are much bitter than us, they often eat the cheapest vegetables. Lao shes father was dead when he was one and a half years old. H

7、is father, who was a guard soldier, died in a street battle with the Eight-Power Allied Forces in the course of the Boxer Rebellion events in 1901. During my childhood, Lao She later recalled, I didnt need to hear stories about evil ogres eating children and so forth; the foreign devils my mother to

8、ld me about were more barbaric and cruel than any fairy tale ogre with a huge mouth and great fangs. And fairy tales are only fairy tales, whereas my mothers stories were 100 percent factual, and they directly affected our whole family. So Lao She had no memory about his father. That was why he live

9、d a much more hard life when he was a child. After his fathers death, the whole family was supported by his mother. At that time, Lao Shes sister was 13 years old, his brother was no more than 10 years old. For their food and clothing, the mother would help people wash their clothes, and sewing or s

10、ewing clothes. In their memory, the mothers hand was red and swollen. During the day, she helped others to wash clothes, and in the evening, she would mend clothes. She never had a rest throughout the year, she always worked hard. As time went by, Lao She and his sisters and brothers grew older, and

11、 they could help their mother to do something. Go to schoolLao She went to school when he was 9 years old. For one thing, Lao She had a poor health when he was young, his mother was afraid that he would be beat in school; for another, they dont have enough money to go to school. But fortunately, one

12、 day, uncle Liu who was a rich and kind person came to Lao Shes house by accident and knew he was old enough to go to school. So uncle Liu told Lao Shes mother that he would take Lao She to go to school next morning and he wound pay all the money that Lao She needed in school. Without his help, Lao

13、She maybe never went to school during all his life. Without him, Lao She would never know the happiness and meaning to help others. After graduation, Lao She became a primary schools principals. His sister was married after that. Teaching and Writing CareerBetween 1918 and 1924, Lao She was involved

14、 as administrator and faculty member at a number of primary and secondary schools in Beijing and Tianjin. He was highly influenced by the May Fourth Movement (1919). He stated, The May Fourth Movement gave me a new spirit and a new literary language. I am grateful to The May Fourth Movement, as it a

15、llowed me to become a writer. He went on to serve as lecturer in the Chinese section of the (then) School of Oriental Studies (now the School of Oriental and African Studies) at the University of London from 1924 to 1929. During his time in London, he absorbed a great deal of English literature (esp

16、ecially Dickens, whom he adored) and began his own writing. His later novel 二马 (Ma and Son) drew on these experiences. In the summer of 1929, he left Britain for Singapore, teaching at the Chinese High School. Between his return to China in the spring of 1930 until 1937, he taught at several univers

17、ities, including Cheeloo University and Shandong University (Qingdao)The May 4th movement gave Lao She an opportunity to be a writer. Firstly, the movement changed his mind; secondly, the May 4th movement was against imperialism; lastly, the May 4th movement was also a literary movement. So form tha

18、t time, Lao She began to the literary creation road. Life was not always easy, Lao She was seriously ill when he was 23 years old. At this time, his mother wanted he married a girl named “sha niu”, but he refused, he didnt want to be bound by marriage. But his first love was Liu shoumians daughter.

19、But they didnt go together at last. He went to England when he was 27 years old. He lived in England more than five years. During this time, he began to write novels. There are four motivations that made him to write novels. Firstly, he missed his hometown so much; secondly, he liked western literat

20、ure very much, so he wanted to imitate it; thirdly, he had a wealth of life experience, he wanted to exposure out his rich life experience; fourth, to tell people some decent ideas. With the four motivations, he began to write Lao Zhang de Zhexue (老张的哲学). Lao She went back to shanghai in 1930. He wa

21、s satisfied to go back home. He was married to Hu Jieqing in 1931 and they had four children, one son and three daughters. They loved each other very much, his wife was younger than him and was a very good person. They lived a happy life. But at that time, because of the national crisis and the suff

22、ering of people, his works of this period had a strong atmosphere of tragedy. He began to write Divorce, Rickshaw Boy and so on. His works were almost based on life.The Life of professional writerAt first, he spent most of his time on teaching, during spare time, he would go to write something. But

23、after resignation, he lived in ji nan which was a quiet and a good place to write and he concentrate on writing. His life was very regular, and he had fixed things to do at every period of time. But China was in a period of turmoil, he went to several places during that time, he went to Wu Han, Chon

24、g Qing and so on. He wrote a lot of famous novels, made a lot of friends. Many of his works had been translated into many other languages. Life in the Peoples Republic of ChinaLao She returned to the motherland which was not the semi-feudal and semi-colonial country anymore. It was a new motherland

25、and can led people towards the free happy life. He did not stop writing all his life. In his later life, he wrote something different from his early works. He went to a lot of places, he had a good life in his old age, enjoy with his families. But like thousands of other intellectuals in China, he e

26、xperienced mistreatment in the Cultural Revolution of the mid-1960s. Red Guards of the Cultural Revolution had attacked him as a counterrevolutionary. They paraded him through the streets and beat him in public. Greatly humiliated both mentally and physically, he, according to the official record, c

27、ommitted suicide by drowning himself in Beijings Taiping Lake in 1966. Leo Ou-Fan Lee mentions the possibility of murder. His relatives were accused of implication in his crimes but continued to rescue his manuscripts after his death, hiding them in coal piles and a chimney and moving them from hous

28、e to house.Lao Shes Early Works and Chinese SocietyLao She was one of the most famous modern writers in China. His works not only won the love of their own readers, but also world-renowned. His works was translated into many other languages, such as English, Japan, Russian, Polish and so on. Lao She

29、s works absorbed the tradition of Chinese culture with gentle humor, sharp satire to attract the readers heart. Lao Shes first novel had not been preserved, he turned to literary creation was in the UK in 1924. Living in a highly developed capitalist country, observed the contrast in this big city,

30、Lao She began to see the end of the 19th century historical events occurred in China in another way. The deepest love to his motherland, the intense pain of its disaster, he tried his best to help their fellow citizens to get rid of many of the ills of capitalism, these forces Lao She to write down

31、all his thoughts on the paper. Lao She was not a revolutionary people, he did not go to the army, but he showed great interest in the revolutionary movement. The May Fourth Movement directly influenced on the formation of the works of Lao Shes worldview. In these works, the reality was that disclosu

32、re ironic, but how to improve it could only educate the masses and make improvements. In abroad, Lao She was far away from the reality of China, there was no direct observation of the Chinese peoples consciousness of revolutionary. After returning to home, he realized that it was impossible to chang

33、e the world education and improvement. Lao She mockery of some part of the reign of the Kuomintang and the Chinese society in the novel named Cat City. This work proved that the writer had a profound understanding of the anti-democratic nature of the existing system in China. Lao Shes works were exposed t