Lao She and His Works.docx
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LaoSheandHisWorks
摘要
老舍,伟大的中国人民艺术家。
一生经历风雨,他的作品和中国社会紧密相连。
他的作品多取材于贫苦百姓,揭示当时的社会现象。
他的一生创造了许多优秀的作品,他是中国乃至世界文化史上的一位巨人。
关键字:
老舍;中国社会;作品
Abstract
LaoShe,greatChinesepeople’sartist.HisworksandChinesesocietyarecloselylinked.Hisworksarebasedonthepoorpeople,inordertorevealtheprevailingsocialphenomenon.Hecreatedmanyexcellentworksduringhislife,heisoneofthegiantsinChinaandevenintheworldculturalhistory.
Keywords:
LaoShe,Chinesesociety,works
LaoSheandHisWorks
Abouttheauthor
LaoShe,formerlyknownasShuQingChun,pinyin:
ShūQìngchūn,Manchu:
Sumuru,February3,1899–August24,1966),betterknownbyhispennameLaoShe(Chinese:
老舍;pinyin:
LǎoShĕ)wasanotableChinesewriter.Anovelistanddramatist,hewasoneofthemostsignificantfiguresof20thcenturyChineseliterature,andisperhapsbestknownforhisnovelRickshawBoyandtheplayTeahouse(茶館).HewasofManchuethnicity.HisworksareknownespeciallyfortheirvividuseoftheBeijingdialect.Hedevotedallhislifetohiswork,heisworthyofthegreat"modelworker"andpublishedalargenumberofliteraryworks,affectlaterwonthetitleof"people'sartist".
EarlyLife
In1899,“people'sartist”Laoshe(formerlyknownasShuQingChun)wasborninBeijingxichengoneofamanchufamily.Hewastheyoungestchildinthefamily.Hehadfoursistersandthreebrothers.Almosteveryfamilytherewhereverypoor,theyatetwiceadayandeverymealhadonlyonedish.LaoShementioneditinqinjianchijia,oneofhisworks.Hesaidthatlikemyhouse,summercookingfoodisoftensaltmixspringOnions,winterispickledcabbageonto.Therearemuchbitterthanus,theyofteneatthecheapestvegetables.Laoshe’sfatherwasdeadwhenhewasoneandahalfyearsold.Hisfather,whowasaguardsoldier,diedinastreetbattlewiththeEight-PowerAlliedForcesinthecourseoftheBoxerRebellioneventsin1901."Duringmychildhood,"LaoShelaterrecalled,"Ididn'tneedtohearstoriesaboutevilogreseatingchildrenandsoforth;theforeigndevilsmymothertoldmeaboutweremorebarbaricandcruelthananyfairytaleogrewithahugemouthandgreatfangs.Andfairytalesareonlyfairytales,whereasmymother'sstorieswere100percentfactual,andtheydirectlyaffectedourwholefamily."SoLaoShehadnomemoryabouthisfather.Thatwaswhyhelivedamuchmorehardlifewhenhewasachild.Afterhisfather’sdeath,thewholefamilywassupportedbyhismother.Atthattime,LaoShe’ssisterwas13yearsold,hisbrotherwasnomorethan10yearsold.Fortheirfoodandclothing,themotherwouldhelppeoplewashtheirclothes,andsewingorsewingclothes.Intheirmemory,themother'shandwasredandswollen.Duringtheday,shehelpedotherstowashclothes,andintheevening,shewouldmendclothes.Sheneverhadarestthroughouttheyear,shealwaysworkedhard.Astimewentby,LaoSheandhissistersandbrothersgrewolder,andtheycouldhelptheirmothertodosomething.
Gotoschool
LaoShewenttoschoolwhenhewas9yearsold.Foronething,LaoShehadapoorhealthwhenhewasyoung,hismotherwasafraidthathewouldbebeatinschool;foranother,theydon’thaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.Butfortunately,oneday,uncleLiuwhowasarichandkindpersoncametoLaoShe’shousebyaccidentandknewhewasoldenoughtogotoschool.SouncleLiutoldLaoShe’smotherthathewouldtakeLaoShetogotoschoolnextmorningandhewoundpayallthemoneythatLaoSheneededinschool.Withouthishelp,LaoShemaybeneverwenttoschoolduringallhislife.Withouthim,LaoShewouldneverknowthehappinessandmeaningtohelpothers.Aftergraduation,LaoShebecameaprimaryschool’sprincipals.Hissisterwasmarriedafterthat.
TeachingandWritingCareer
Between1918and1924,LaoShewasinvolvedasadministratorandfacultymemberatanumberofprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinBeijingandTianjin.HewashighlyinfluencedbytheMayFourthMovement(1919).Hestated,"TheMayFourthMovementgavemeanewspiritandanewliterarylanguage.IamgratefultoTheMayFourthMovement,asitallowedmetobecomeawriter."HewentontoserveaslecturerintheChinesesectionofthe(then)SchoolofOrientalStudies(nowtheSchoolofOrientalandAfricanStudies)attheUniversityofLondonfrom1924to1929.DuringhistimeinLondon,heabsorbedagreatdealofEnglishliterature(especiallyDickens,whomheadored)andbeganhisownwriting.Hislaternovel二马(MaandSon)drewontheseexperiences.Inthesummerof1929,heleftBritainforSingapore,teachingattheChineseHighSchool.BetweenhisreturntoChinainthespringof1930until1937,hetaughtatseveraluniversities,includingCheelooUniversityandShandongUniversity(Qingdao)
TheMay4thmovementgaveLaoSheanopportunitytobeawriter.Firstly,themovementchangedhismind;secondly,theMay4thmovementwasagainstimperialism;lastly,theMay4thmovementwasalsoaliterarymovement.Soformthattime,LaoShebegantotheliterarycreationroad.Lifewasnotalwayseasy,LaoShewasseriouslyillwhenhewas23yearsold.Atthistime,hismotherwantedhemarriedagirlnamed“shaniu”,butherefused,hedidn’twanttobeboundbymarriage.ButhisfirstlovewasLiushoumian’sdaughter.Buttheydidn’tgotogetheratlast.HewenttoEnglandwhenhewas27yearsold.HelivedinEnglandmorethanfiveyears.Duringthistime,hebegantowritenovels.Therearefourmotivationsthatmadehimtowritenovels.Firstly,hemissedhishometownsomuch;secondly,helikedwesternliteratureverymuch,sohewantedtoimitateit;thirdly,hehadawealthoflifeexperience,hewantedtoexposureouthisrichlifeexperience;fourth,totellpeoplesomedecentideas.Withthefourmotivations,hebegantowriteLaoZhangdeZhexue(老张的哲学).LaoShewentbacktoshanghaiin1930.Hewassatisfiedtogobackhome.HewasmarriedtoHuJieqingin1931andtheyhadfourchildren,onesonandthreedaughters.Theylovedeachotherverymuch,hiswifewasyoungerthanhimandwasaverygoodperson.Theylivedahappylife.Butatthattime,becauseofthenationalcrisisandthesufferingofpeople,hisworksofthisperiodhadastrongatmosphereoftragedy.HebegantowriteDivorce,RickshawBoyandsoon.Hisworkswerealmostbasedonlife.
TheLifeofprofessionalwriter
Atfirst,hespentmostofhistimeonteaching,duringsparetime,hewouldgotowritesomething.Butafterresignation,helivedinjinanwhichwasaquietandagoodplacetowriteandheconcentrateonwriting.Hislifewasveryregular,andhehadfixedthingstodoateveryperiodoftime.ButChinawasinaperiodofturmoil,hewenttoseveralplacesduringthattime,hewenttoWuHan,ChongQingandsoon.Hewrotealotoffamousnovels,madealotoffriends.Manyofhisworkshadbeentranslatedintomanyotherlanguages.
LifeinthePeople'sRepublicofChina
LaoShereturnedtothemotherlandwhichwasnotthesemi-feudalandsemi-colonialcountryanymore.Itwasanewmotherlandandcanledpeopletowardsthefreehappylife.Hedidnotstopwritingallhislife.Inhislaterlife,hewrotesomethingdifferentfromhisearlyworks.Hewenttoalotofplaces,hehadagoodlifeinhisoldage,enjoywithhisfamilies.ButlikethousandsofotherintellectualsinChina,heexperiencedmistreatmentintheCulturalRevolutionofthemid-1960s.RedGuardsoftheCulturalRevolutionhadattackedhimasacounterrevolutionary.Theyparadedhimthroughthestreetsandbeathiminpublic.Greatlyhumiliatedbothmentallyandphysically,he,accordingtotheofficialrecord,committedsuicidebydrowninghimselfinBeijing'sTaipingLakein1966.LeoOu-FanLeementionsthepossibilityofmurder.Hisrelativeswereaccusedofimplicationinhis"crimes"butcontinuedtorescuehismanuscriptsafterhisdeath,hidingthemincoalpilesandachimneyandmovingthemfromhousetohouse.
LaoShe’sEarlyWorksandChineseSociety
LaoShewasoneofthemostfamousmodernwritersinChina.Hisworksnotonlywontheloveoftheirownreaders,butalsoworld-renowned.Hisworkswastranslatedintomanyotherlanguages,suchasEnglish,Japan,Russian,Polishandsoon.LaoShe’sworksabsorbedthetraditionofChineseculturewithgentlehumor,sharpsatiretoattractthereader’sheart.LaoShe’sfirstnovelhadnotbeenpreserved,heturnedtoliterarycreationwasintheUKin1924.Livinginahighlydevelopedcapitalistcountry,observedthecontrastinthisbigcity,LaoShebegantoseetheendofthe19thcenturyhistoricaleventsoccurredinChinainanotherway.Thedeepestlovetohismotherland,theintensepainofitsdisaster,hetriedhisbesttohelptheirfellowcitizenstogetridofmanyoftheillsofcapitalism,theseforcesLaoShetowritedownallhisthoughtsonthepaper.LaoShewasnotarevolutionarypeople,hedidnotgotothearmy,butheshowedgreatinterestintherevolutionarymovement.TheMayFourthMovementdirectlyinfluencedontheformationoftheworksofLaoShe’sworldview.Intheseworks,therealitywasthatdisclosureironic,buthowtoimproveitcouldonlyeducatethemassesandmakeimprovements.Inabroad,LaoShewasfarawayfromtherealityofChina,therewasnodirectobservationoftheChinesepeople’sconsciousnessofrevolutionary.Afterreturningtohome,herealizedthatitwasimpossibletochangetheworldeducationandimprovement.LaoShemockeryofsomepartofthereignoftheKuomintangandtheChinesesocietyinthenovelnamedCatCity.Thisworkprovedthatthewriterhadaprofoundunderstandingoftheanti-democraticnatureoftheexistingsysteminChina.LaoShe’sworkswereexposedt